Respons Morfofisiologi Bibit Kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) pada Perbedaan Spektrum dan Intensitas Cahaya Buatan

Abstract

Kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) merupakan tanaman buah lokal yang termasuk dalam famili Meliaceae. Pohon kecapi memerlukan waktu 5-7 tahun untuk berbuah apabila berasal dari biji, sehingga perlu usaha untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan, salah satunya melalui faktor cahaya. Namun, intensitas sinar matahari tidak konstan, terutama intensitas cahaya yang dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan waktu, lintang, dan musim. Dengan demikian, perlu pengaturan cahaya secara buatan melalui intensitas cahaya atau jenis spektrum tertentu salah satunya penggunaan LED (light emitting diode). Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis respons morfologi, fisiologi, dan anatomi terhadap perbedaan spektrum dan intensitas cahaya light emitting diode. Percobaan dirancang dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor yaitu spektrum LED (putih dan ungu) dan intensitas cahaya (2 dan 4 lampu). Kombinasi perlakuan terdiri dari LED ungu intensitas rendah (PL), LED ungu intensitas tinggi (PH), LED putih intensitas rendah (WL), LED putih intensitas tinggi (WH), dan Kontrol (dalam screenhouse 60% tanpa tambahan cahaya buatan). Pengamatan melalui pendekatan morfologi, fisiologi, dan anatomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertumbuhan vegetatif berpengaruh signifikan di bawah perlakuan LED ungu karena kemampuan menyintesis klorofil, meningkatkan kandungan glukosa, tebal daun, dan bukaan stomata. Secara umum, akumulasi hara Mg, S, Fe, dan Zn di bawah LED menurun dibandingkan tanpa pemberian LED. Peningkatan intensitas cahaya mempengaruhi perkembangan dan pertumbuhan daun sehingga meningkatkan jumlah stomata, kerapatan stomata, dan bukaan stomata. Tedapat interaksi, perlakuan PH baik dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan perlakuan WH mempengaruhi pertumbuhan secara fisiologi dengan meningkatkan aspek fotosintesis dan hara daun (N-total, P, C-Organik, Na, B). Perlakuan PL mampu meningkatkan sintesis klorofil, konduktansi stomata, serta hara K dan Mn. Akumulasi kadar Na dan Cu meningkat pada perlakuan PL.

Kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) is a local fruit plant that belongs to the Meliaceae family. Kecapi trees take 5-7 years to bear fruit when derived from seeds, so efforts need to be made to accelerate growth, one of which is through the light factor. However, the intensity of sunlight is not constant, especially light intensity affected by differences in time, latitude, and season. Thus, it is necessary to regulate light artificially through light intensity or certain types of spectrum, one of which is the use of LEDs (light-emitting diodes). The purpose of this research was to analyze the morphological, physiological, and anatomical responses to differences in light-emitting diode light spectrum and intensity. The experiment was designed using a two-factor completely randomized design (CRD), namely LED spectrum (white and purple) and light intensity (2 and 4 lights). The treatment combination consisted of low-intensity purple LED (PL), high-intensity purple LED (PH), lowintensity white LED (WL), high-intensity white LED (WH), and control (inside a 60% screenhouse with no artificial light added). Observations through morphology, physiology, and anatomy approaches. The results showed that vegetative growth was significantly affected under purple LED treatment due to the ability to synthesize chlorophyll, increase glucose content, leaf thickness, and stomatal openings. In general, nutrient accumulation of Mg, S, Fe, and Zn under LED decreased compared to without LED application. Increased light intensity affected leaf development and growth, increasing the number of stomata, stomatal density, and stomatal aperture. There is an interaction, PH treatment is good at increasing vegetative growth, and WH treatment affects physiological growth by increasing aspects of photosynthesis and leaf nutrients (N-total, P, C-Organic, Na, B). PL treatment was able to increase chlorophyll synthesis, stomatal conductance, and K and Mn nutrients. The accumulation of Na and Cu increased in the PL treatment