Strategi Penghidupan Berbasis Agroforestri (Kasus di Kecamatan Manuhing, Rungan dan Rungan Barat Kabupaten Gunung Mas Kalimantan Tengah)

Abstract

Agroforestri saat ini digunakan sebagai suatu sistem pertanian yang menggabungkan tanaman pangan, tanaman kehutanan, dan/atau ternak dalam suatu lahan yang sama, sehingga pengelolaan lahan dengan sistem agroforestri dapat mengurangi degradasi lahan dan meningkatkan perekonomian masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peranan agroforestri sebagai modal penghidupan petani, menganalisis persepsi dan preferensi masyarakat terhadap komoditas agroforestri, dan menganalisis strategi pengelolaan agroforestri sebagai modal penghidupan petani. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Rungan, Rungan Barat dan Manuhing, Kabupaten Gunung Mas, Kalimantan Tengah pada bulan Januari hingga bulan Juni 2023. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan observasi lapang, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), dan wawancara terstruktur. Data modal penghidupan yang meliputi modal manusia, modal fisik, modal alam, modal sosial, modal finansial, dianalisis menggunakan analisis LF (livelihood framework). Kelayakan usaha agroforestri dianalisis menggunakan analisis pendapatan dan Cost Benefit Analysis (BCR, NPV, dan IRR). Strategi pengelolaan agroforestri sebagai penghiduoan petani disusun dengan metode sintesa terhadap hasil analisis livelihood, analisis kelayakan usaha dan analisis preferensi dan permasalahan pengelolaan agroforestri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa agroforestri berperan penting sebagai pola penghidupan petani. Nilai status penghidupan di Kecamatan Rungan dan Manuhing tergolong sedang, sedangkan nilai penghidupan di Kecamatan Rungan Barat tergolong rendah. Nilai aset penghidupan yang rendah kemudian dirumuskan strategi berdasarkan modal manusia, modal alam, modal sosial, modal fisik, dan modal finansial. Preferensi petani terhadap jenis komoditas tanaman tertentu dikarenakan kemudahan akses pasar dan nilai jual yang tinggi. Jenis tanaman yang dipilih petani antara lain jengkol, rambutan, jeruk, kelapa sawit, kakao, nangka, sayur mayur, pisang, kelapa, kacang tanah, kopi, gaharu, lada, kedondong, padi, apel, dan anggur. Strategi penghidupan berbasis agroforestri dilakukan dengan intensifikasi lahan agroforestri.

Agroforestry is currently used as an agricultural system that combines food crops, forestry crops, and/or livestock in the same land, so that land management with an agroforestry system can reduce land degradation and improve the community's economy. This study aims to analyze the role of agroforestry as a farmer's livelihood, analyze people's perception and preferences for agroforestry commodities, and analyze agroforestry management strategies as farmers' livelihood capital. This research was conducted in Rungan, West Rungan and Manuhing Districts, Gunung Mas Regency, Central Kalimantan from January to June 2023. Data collection was carried out by field observation, Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and structured interviews. Livelihood capital data, which includes human capital, physical capital, natural capital, social capital, and financial capital, were analyzed using LF (livelihood framework) analysis. The feasibility of agroforestry businesses is analyzed using income analysis and Cost Benefit Analysis (BCR, NPV, and IRR). The agroforestry management strategy as a farmer's attraction is prepared by the synthesis method of the results of livelihood analysis, business feasibility analysis and analysis of agroforestry management preferences and problems. The results of the study show that agroforestry plays an important role as a livelihood pattern for farmers. The value of livelihood status in Rungan and Manuhing Districts is classified as moderate, while the value of livelihood in West Rungan District is relatively low. The low value of livelihood assets is then formulated a strategy based on human capital, natural capital, social capital, physical capital, and financial capital. Farmers' preference for certain types of crop commodities is due to the ease of market access and high selling value. The types of crops chosen by farmers include jengkol, rambutan, orange, oil palm, cocoa, jackfruit, vegetables, bananas, coconuts, coconuts, peanuts, coffee, agarwood, pepper, kedondong, rice, apples, and grapes. Agroforestry-based livelihood strategies are carried out by intensifying agroforestry land.