Perancangan Prototipe Sirap Bambu Komposit Termodifikasi Panas Serta Karakterisasi Anatomi, Fisis dan Mekanisnya

Abstract

Bambu merupakan salah satu hasil hutan bukan kayu yang ketersediaannya melimpah dan telah sejak lama digunakan sebagai bahan bangunan, tetapi belum banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku sirap. Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan untuk merancang prototipe sirap bambu ater (Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz.) termodifikasi panas (120 °C, 150 °C, dan 180 °C, masing-masing selama 2 jam) serta menganalisis anatomi, sifat fisis dan mekanisnya. Prototipe sirap berbentuk segi lima, tersusun dari tiga lapis pelupuh termodifikasi panas dan relatif ringan (± 800 g), dilengkapi dengan fitur inter-lock sehingga mudah dirangkai, berhasil dirancang dan dikembangkan. Prototipe sirap dengan perlakuan panas 120 °C memiliki kerapatan dan berat jenis lebih tinggi (masing-masing 0,70 g.cm³ dan 0,65) dibandingkan prototipe tanpa perlakuan panas serta yang dipanaskan pada suhu 150 °C dan 180 °C. Sementara itu perlakuan panas pada suhu 150 °C dan 180 °C meningkatkan stabilitas dimensi prototipe sirap. Di pihak lain, peningkatan suhu perlakuan panas menyebabkan MOR dan kekerasan prototipe sirap menurun.

Bamboo is one of abundant non-timber forest products and has long been used as a building material in Indonesia, but has not been utilized as a raw material for shingles. A study was conducted to design and develop a single prototype of heat-modified (120 °C, 150 °C, and 180 °C for 2 hours, respectively) ater bamboo (Gigantochloa atter (Hassk.) Kurz) and analyze its anatomy, physical and mechanical properties. The shingle prototype which is pentagon-shaped and composed of three layers of heat-modified bamboo slats, relatively light (800 g), and equipped with an inter-lock feature for easy assembly, was successfully designed and developed. The 120 °C heat-treated bamboo shingles had higher density and specific gravity (0.70 g.cm-3 and 0.65, respectively) than those without heat modification and those heat-treated at 150 °C and 180 °C. Meanwhile, heat treatment at 150°C and 180°C increased the dimensional stability of the bamboo shingles. On the other hand, increasing the heat treatment temperature caused the MOR and hardness of the shingle prototypes to decrease.