Proporsi Material Eksotermik Berbasis Cangkang Rajungan dan Kekerangan untuk Pemanas Ransum Pangan Darurat Tanpa Api

Abstract

Model wadah makanan dengan pemanas sendiri atau pemanas tanpa api telah dikembangkan guna memenuhi kebutuhan akan pangan darurat. Material kimia pemanas eksotermik kalsium oksida cangkang rajungan dan kekerangan sangat berpotensi dan melimpah sebagai waste tapi belum pernah diaplikasikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan proporsi material kimia pemanas eksotermik berbasis limbah cangkang rajungan dan kekerangan untuk pengembangan model ransum pangan darurat tanpa api. Penentuan proporsi dilakukan antara material pemanas kalsium oksida teknis, kalsium oksida cangkang rajungan dan kekerangan, serta adanya penambahan aluminium dan logam besi. Pangan darurat sup krim dengan kalori 296 kkal pada serving size 65 g menggunakan model kemasan ransum darurat tanpa api dihasilkan dari komposisi terbaik material pemanas dengan campuran cangkang rajungan dan aluminium yang menghasilkan suhu mendekati 90oC. Komposisi material ini mampu menghasilkan panas 340,2 J atau dapat menghangatkan sup krim hingga suhu 85,7oC setelah mencapai waktu 14 menit dan mempertahankan kestabilan suhu selama 24 menit.

Self-heating or flameless food container model was developed to meet the need for emergency food supplies. Exothermic heating chemical material, calcium oxide derived from crab shell and clam shells, showed great potential and was abundantly available as waste, but had not been previously applied. The aim of this research was to determine the proportion of exothermic heating chemical material based on crab shell and clam shells waste for the development of a flameless emergency food ration model. The determination of the proportion was conducted between calcium oxide heating material, calcium oxide from crab shell and clam shells waste, and the addition of aluminum and iron metal. An emergency food ration of cream soup with 296 kcal per 65 g serving size was produced using the best composition of heating material, a mixture of crab shell and aluminum, which generated temperatures approaching 90°C. This material composition was capable of generating 340.2 J of heat, heating the cream soup to a temperature of 85.7°C after 14 minutes, and maintaining temperature stability for 24 minutes.