Respon Morfologis dan Fisiologis Kacang Tunggak (Vigna unguiculata L) pada Sistem Tanam Tumpangsari dengan Ubi Kayu (Manihot esculanta Crantz)

Abstract

Cassava is one of the most important commodities in the world, as a source of food needed by the community because it contains many nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, fat, calcium and magnesium. Cassava is a long-lived crop with slow growth, so the selection of intercrops in the form of legumes with short harvest days is needed. Cowpea is a type of legume that is widely developed because it contains high protein. Planting two crops with intercropping system can be done by adjusting the planting distance. The purpose of this research was to study the morphological and physiological responses of growth and yield of cassava variety "Mangu" in intercropping system of several cowpea varieties "Albina and Uno", and to study the growth and production of 2 cowpea varieties in intercropping system. The research was conducted from January to June 2023 at IPB Experimental Farm, Sawahbaru, Dramaga, Bogor. The research used a randomized complete block design with a single factor, namely the intercropping system pattern 1:2 is 1 row of cassava with 2 rows of cowpea, and 1:3 is 1 row of cassava with 3 rows of cowpea, consisting of Mangu and Uno 1:2, Mangu and Uno 1:3, Mangu and Albina 1:2, Mangu and Albina 1:3. Mangu monoculture. Uno monoculture. Albina monoculture with 4 replications and there were 28 experimental units. The results showed that P3 planting system gave the highest yield in crown height at 1,5,6 MAP, the highest canopy diameter at 4 MAP, tuber production, and 100-seed weight of cowpea. P4 gave the highest results in stem diameter, number of leaves, starch content, number of pods, pod dry weight, and seed dry weight at 9 MAP. The highest LER in this intercropping was found in 1:3 ubi kayu (Mangu) + Kacang tunggak (Uno), dan 1:2 ubi kayu (Mangu) + Kacang tunggak (Uno). The intercropping system suppressed weed growth at 2 BST along with the development of a wide canopy of cassava and cowpea plants that covered the soil surface.

Cassava is one of the most important commodities in the world, as a source of food needed by the community because it contains many nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, fat, calcium and magnesium. Cassava is a long-lived crop with slow growth, so the selection of intercrops in the form of legumes with short harvest days is needed. Cowpea is a type of legume that is widely developed because it contains high protein. Planting two crops with intercropping system can be done by adjusting the planting distance. The purpose of this research was to study the morphological and physiological responses of growth and yield of cassava variety "Mangu" in intercropping system of several cowpea varieties "Albina and Uno", and to study the growth and production of 2 cowpea varieties in intercropping system. The research was conducted from January to June 2023 at IPB Experimental Farm, Sawahbaru, Dramaga, Bogor. The research used a randomized complete block design with a single factor, namely the intercropping system pattern 1:2 is 1 row of cassava with 2 rows of cowpea, and 1:3 is 1 row of cassava with 3 rows of cowpea, consisting of Mangu and Uno 1:2, Mangu and Uno 1:3, Mangu and Albina 1:2, Mangu and Albina 1:3. Mangu monoculture. Uno monoculture. Albina monoculture with 4 replications and there were 28 experimental units. The results showed that P3 planting system gave the highest yield in crown height at 1,5,6 MAP, the highest canopy diameter at 4 MAP, tuber production, and 100-seed weight of cowpea. P4 gave the highest results in stem diameter, number of leaves, starch content, number of pods, pod dry weight, and seed dry weight at 9 MAP. The highest LER in this intercropping was found in 1:3 ubi kayu (Mangu) + Kacang tunggak (Uno), dan 1:2 ubi kayu (Mangu) + Kacang tunggak (Uno). The intercropping system suppressed weed growth at 2 BST along with the development of a wide canopy of cassava and cowpea plants that covered the soil surface.