Kejadian dan Keparahan Penyakit Hawar Daun Jagung di Desa Sukawening dan Desa Cibanteng Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Jagung merupakan komoditas pangan srategis di Indonesia. Salah satu penghambat budidaya jagung yaitu penyakit hawar daun jagung yang disebabkan Helminthosporium sp.. Hawar daun jagung menyebabkan kehilangan hasil hingga 50%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi mengenai kejadian serta keparahan penyakit hawar daun jagung di dua lokasi di Kabupaten Bogor. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu penentuan lokasi pengamatan, wawancara petani, pengamatan tanaman contoh, penghitungan kejadian dan keparahan penyakit, dan analisis data. Kejadian dan keparahan penyakit diamati langsung di lapangan pada 60 tanaman contoh yang dipilih secara zig zag. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mengetahui informasi teknik budi daya dan pengendalian penyakit hawar daun jagung oleh petani. Data kejadian dan keparahan penyakit dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, kejadian penyakit hawar daun jagung di Desa Sukawening dan Desa Cibanteng mencapai 100%. Tingkat keparahan penyakit di Desa Sukawening pada varietas Paragon sebesar 34,33%, tingkat keparahan penyakit pada varietas Exotic Pertiwi sebesar 28,33%, dan tingkat keparahan penyakit di Desa Cibanteng pada varietas Talenta sebesar 27,67%. Pengendalian penyakit dilakukan petani di lapangan dengan cara mencabut tanaman yang sakit, mengatur jarak tanam, dan mengaplikasikan fungisida. Kata kunci: Helminthosporium sp., pengendalian penyakit, penyakit tanaman

Corn is a strategic food commodity in Indonesia. One of the obstacles to maize cultivation is corn leaf blight caused by Helminthosporium sp. Corn leaf blight causes yield losses of up to 50%. This study aims to obtain information about the incidence and severity of corn leaf blight in Bogor Regency. The methods used in this study were determining the location of observations, interviewing farmers, observing sample plants, calculating the incidence and severity of the disease, and analyzing data. Disease incidence and severity were observed directly in the two locations on 60 plant samples selected in randomized zigzag design. Interviews were conducted to find out information on cultivation techniques and control of corn leaf blight by farmers. Disease incidence and severity data were analyzed descriptively. Based on the results of observations, the incidence of corn leaf blight at Sukawening Village and Cibanteng Village reached 100%. The severity of the disease at Sukawening Village on the Paragon variety was 34.33%, on the Exotic Pertiwi variety was 28.33%, and the disease severity at Cibanteng Village on Talenta variety was 27.67%. Disease management was carried out by farmers in the field by uprooting diseased plants, adjusting the spacing, and applying fungicides. Keywords: Helminthosporium sp., disease management, plant disease