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      Studi Mekanisme Resistensi Gulma Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. f.) C. Presl dari Areal Persawahan Jawa Barat terhadap Herbisida Metil Metsulfuron

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Putri, Kansa Dianti
      Guntoro, Dwi
      Hariyadi
      Ardie, Sintho Wahyuning
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      Abstract
      Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. F.) C. Presl merupakan tanaman herba akuatik yang dikenal sebagai gulma paling mengganggu di areal sawah Jawa Barat, Indonesia. Herbisida metil metsulfuron telah lama digunakan pada padi sawah di Jawa Barat dengan intensitas yang cukup tinggi. Namun, kasus resistensi Monochoria vaginalis terhadap herbisida metil metsulfuron di Indonesia belum banyak dilaporkan dan diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mendapatkan informasi mengenai penggunaan herbisida metil metsulfuron di areal padi sawah Jawa Barat, (2) mengklasifikasikan tingkat resistensi Monochoria vaginalis terhadap metil metsulfuron, dan (3) mengidentifikasi mekanisme Target Site Resistance (TSR) pada gen MvALS1 ekotipe Monochoria vaginalis yang resisten. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juni 2023 hingga Oktober 2023 di Rumah Kaca Cikabayan dan Laboratorium Bioteknologi Molekuler Tumbuhan 2 IPB. Uji tingkat resistensi dilakukan dengan metode Whole Plant Pot Test menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi (Split Plot Design) dengan 4 ulangan. Petak utama adalah lokasi padi sawah pengambilan benih gulma. Anak petaknya adalah dosis metil metsulfuron: 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, dan 32 g b.a ha-1. Selanjutnya, sekuensing DNA menggunakan metode PCR dilakukan pada semua sampel untuk mengidentifikasi perbedaan basa nukleotida pada gen MvALS1 dari ekotipe resisten. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Monochoria vaginalis asal Rawamerta, Karawang menunjukkan tingkat resistensi sedang terhadap metil metsulfuron dengan rasio resistensi 6,00 dan asal Patokbeusi, Subang menunjukkan tingkat resistensi yang rendah terhadap metil metsulfuron dengan rasio resistensi 3,89 dibandingkan Monochoria vaginalis sensitif. Penjajaran basa nukleotida gen MvALS1 menunjukkan bahwa ekotipe M. vaginalis asal Rawamerta dan Patokbeusi mengalami lima substitusi asam amino: Ser-64-Ala, Asp-66-Glu, Asn-240-Asp, Glu-426-Asn, dan Ser-469-Asn dibandingkan dengan sekuen asam amino dengan nomor Genbank AB243613.1. Monochoria vaginalis asal Sukra mengalami tiga substitusi asam amino: Ser-64-Ala, Asp-66-Glu, dan Asn-240-Asp. Studi ini mengkonfirmasi pertama kalinya terjadi substitusi asam amino Ser-64-Ala, Asn-240-Asp, dan Glu-426-Asn pada ekotipe resisten Monochoria vaginalis terhadap metil metsulfuron (inhibitor ALS).
       
      Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. F.) C. Presl is an aquatic herbaceous plant, recognized as the most troublesome weed in rice fields in West Java province, Indonesia. Metsulfuron-methyl has long been used in wetland rice in West Java with a high enough intensity. However, the case of Monochoria vaginalis resistance to metsulfuron-methyl herbicides in Indonesia has not been widely reported and investigated. The study aimed to (1) obtain information about the use of metsulfuron-methyl in West Java rice fields, (2) classify the resistance level of Monochoria vaginalis toward metsulfuron-methyl, and (3) identify Target Site Resistance (TSR) mechanism in the MvALS1 gene of the resistant ecotype of Monochoria vaginalis. Research was conducted from June 2023 until October 2023 at Cikabayan Green House and Plant Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory 2 IPB. The resistance level test of Monochoria vaginalis was performed using the Whole Plant Pot Test method. The experimental design used Split Plot Design with 4 replications. The primary plot was designated for the rice fields where weed seeds were collected. The subplot was the dosage of metsulfuron-methyl: 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 g a.i ha-1. Following that, all samples were subjected to DNA sequencing using the PCR method to identify mutations in the MvALS1 gene from the resistant ecotype. The result showed that Monochoria vaginalis from Rawamerta, Karawang showed a moderate level of resistance to metsulfuron-methyl with a resistance ratio of 6.00, Patokbeusi, Subang showed a low level of resistance to metsulfuron-methyl with a resistance ratio of 3.89, compared to susceptible Monochoria vaginalis. Nucleotide base alignment in the MvALS1 gene revealed that base substitutions occurred in the Monochoria vaginalis ecotype from Rawamerta and Patokbeusi, resulting in 5 amino acid substitutions: Ser-64-Ala, Asp-66-Glu, Asn-240-Asp, Glu-426-Asn, and Ser-469-Asn and Monochoria vaginalis from Sukra, resulting in 3 amino acid substitutions: Ser-64-Ala, Asp-66-Glu, and Asn-240-Asp compared to the amino acid sequence with Genbank ecotype number AB243613.1. This study confirms for the first time that Ser-64-Ala, Asn-240-Asp, and Glu-426-Asn amino acid substitutions in Monochoria vaginalis resistant ecotypes to metsulfuron-methyl (ALS inhibitor).
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/154165
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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