Potensi dan Manajemen Bahaya Bagi Keselamatan Pengunjung di Gua Seplawan Purworejo Jawa Tengah

Abstract

Gua Seplawan sebagai wisata gua di Purworejo, memanfaatkan formasi eksokarst dan endokarst sebagai daya tarik utama; namun terdapat potensi bahaya yang signifikan bagi pengunjung dan pengelola. Perbedaan karakteristik bahaya antara eksokarst dan endokarst memerlukan manajemen risiko yang efektif untuk mengurangi atau menghindari dampak merugikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginventarisasi potensi bahaya dan merancang manajemen risiko wisata Gua Seplawan. Metode penelitian meliputi observasi lapangan, inventarisasi potensi bahaya, studi literatur, wawancara dengan pengelola dan pengunjung. Data dianalisis menggunakan modifikasi panduan UNEP 2008 dan NSPA 2008. Potensi bahaya fisik pada area eksokarst meliputi tangga licin dan ancaman tanah longsor, sementara tidak ditemukan bahaya biologis. Potensi bahaya fisik endokarst mencakup jalanan licin, tanah lumpur, risiko banjir, stalaktit rendah, lorong sempit, dan kondisi suhu serta kelembapan yang ekstrem; bahaya biologi endokarst yaitu kelelawar dan guano; bahaya antropogenik di kedua area adalah membawa beban berlebihan, berlari di tangga, memasuki gua ketika hujan, menginap di gua, tidak menggunakan perlengkapan gua yang sesuai, dan mendekati tepi jurang. Rekomendasi manajemen risiko yaitu edukasi ke pemandu dan pengunjung, penambahan tali pengaman pada jalur gua, serta pemasangan papan peringatan di area stalaktit rendah, lorong sempit, hunian kelelawar, dan berlumpur. Kata kunci: Endokarst, NSPA 2008, susur gua, UNEP 2008, wisata gu

Seplawan Cave is a cave tourism in Purworejo that leverages of exokarst and endokarst formations as its main attraction; however, there are significant potential hazards for both visitors and management. The differences in the characteristics of hazards between exokarst and endokarst require effective risk management to mitigate or avoid adverse impacts. This study aims to inventory potential hazards and design a risk management plan for Seplawan Cave tourism. The research methods include field observations, hazard inventory, literature review, and interviews with managers and visitors. Data is analyzed using modified guidelines from UNEP 2008 and NSPA 2008. Physical hazards in the exokarst area include slippery stairs and landslide threats, while no biological hazards are found. Physical hazards in the endokarst area include slippery pathways, muddy soil, flood risks, low-hanging stalactites, narrow passages, and extreme temperature and humidity conditions; biological hazards in the endokarst area include the presence of bats and guano; anthropogenic hazards in both areas include carrying excessive loads, running on stairs, entering the cave during rain, staying overnight in the cave, not using appropriate caving equipment, and approaching cliff edges. Risk management recommendations include educating guides and visitors, adding safety ropes on cave routes, and installing warning signs in low-hanging stalactites, narrow passages, bat habitats, and muddy areas. Keywords: Cave exploration, cave tourism, endokarst, NPSA 2008, UNEP 2008.