Strategi Adaptasi Masyarakat Pesisir dalam Menghadapi Dampak Perubahan Iklim (Kasus: Pulau Pari, Kepulauan Seribu Selatan, DKI Jakarta)

Abstract

Perubahan iklim merupakan fenomena lingkungan yang terjadi akibat aktivitas manusia yang menyebabkan perubahan komposisi atmosfer secara global dan berupa variabilitas iklim yang teramati pada kurun waktu yang dapat dibandingkan. Perubahan iklim memberikan dampak lingkungan, sosial, dan ekonomi bagi masyarakat pesisir. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Pendekatan kualitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode observasi dan wawancara mendalam terhadap informan serta pendekatan kuantitatif melalui metode survei dengan kuesioner kepada 50 responden dengan teknik purposive random sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji rank spearman dan chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) perubahan iklim menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan musim angin, kondisi ikan, coral bleaching, abrasi pantai, dan banjir rob (2) pendapatan masyarakat pesisir berkurang dan menyebabkan rumah tangga harus berbagi peran serta meningkatnya persaingan penangkapan ikan pada kalangan nelayan dan (3) karakteristik masyarakat pesisir memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan strategi adaptasi yang dilakukan rumah tangga pesisir.

Climate change is an environmental phenomenon that occurs as a result of human activity, which causes changes in the composition of the atmosphere globally and in the form of climate variability observed over comparable time periods. Climate change has environmental, social, and economic impacts on coastal communities. This research uses qualitative and quantitative approaches. A qualitative approach was carried out using observation methods and in-depth interviews with informants, as well as a quantitative approach using a survey method with questionnaire to 50 respondents using a purposive random sampling technique. This research uses the Spearman rank test and chi-square. The results of the research show that (1) climate change causes changes in wind seasons, fish conditions, coral bleaching, coastal erosion, and tidal floods. (2) the income of coastal communities decreases and causes households to have to share roles, as well as increased fishing competition among fishermen; and (3) the characteristics of coastal communities have a significant relationship with the adaptation strategies carried out by coastal households.