Sterilisasi dan Induksi Kalus Jati Kluwih (Tectona abludens var. lacerata) pada Kultur In Vitro
Date
2024-07-01Author
Avifah, Siska Noer
Pamoengkas, Prijanto
Fauzan, Yusuf Sigit Ahmad
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Tectona abludens merupakan tanaman endemik Jawa khususnya Gunung Kidul dan Bantul DIY yang hanya ditemukan 11 individu pohon. Perkembangbiakan T. abludens memiliki permasalahan karena diduga memiliki hambatan fisik maupun fisiologis, sehingga diperlukan upaya perbanyakan dengan teknik in vitro. Permasalahan utama dalam propagasi in vitro jati kluwih adalah sterilisasi eksplan dan induksi kalus. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis respon waktu perendaman merkuri klorida (HgCl2) terhadap sterilisasi eksplan dan menganalisis respon kombinasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh (ZPT) 2,4-D dan kinetin terhadap pembentukan kalus embriogenik. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) untuk sterilisasi eksplan dan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RALF) untuk induksi kalus. Hasil penelitian sterilisasi ekplan menunjukkan perlakuan perendaman 300 mg/l HgCl2 selama 15 menit menghasilkan eksplan steril tertinggi 90% pada 15 HST. Hasil penelitian induksi kalus menunjukkan perlakuan 0 ppm 2,4-D yang dikombinasikan 1,5 ppm kinetin menghasilkan persentase kalus tertinggi 73,33% pada 12 MST. Tectona abludens is an endemic plant of Java, especially Gunung Kidul and Bantul DIYwhich only found 11 individual trees. The breeding of T. abludens has problems because it is thought to have physical and physiological obstacles, so propagation efforts are needed with in vitro techniques. The main problems with in vitro techniques are explant sterilization and callus induction. This study aims to analyze the response of mercury chloride (HgCl2) immersion time to explant sterilization and analyze the response of a combination of 2,4-D Plant Growth Regulators (PGR) and kinetin to embryogenic callus formation. The data analysis methods used were Complete Randomized Design (CRD) for explant sterilization and Factorial Complete Random Design (FCRD) for callus induction. The results of the explant sterilization study showed that soaking treatment of 300 mg /l HgCl2 for 15 minutes resulted in the highest sterile explant of 90% at 15 HST. The results of callus induction research showed that 0 ppm 2,4-D treatment combined with 1.5 ppm kinetin resulted in the highest callus percentage of 73.33% at 12 MST.
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