Pengaturan Leaf-Fruit Ratio dan Perlakuan Pupuk Daun Terhadap Kualitas Buah Abiu (Pouteria caimito Radlk.)

Abstract

Abiu (Pouteria caimito Radlk.) is a plant belong to the Sapotaceae family that can be consumed fresh, processed and as herbal products. Abiu has 72 types of bioactive compounds found in its fruit with an area percentage of >1%. The purpose of this research aimed to (1) determine the effect of the treatment of leaf-fruit ratio on the quality of abiu fruit, (2) determine the effect of leaf fertilizer on the quality of abiu fruit, and (3) determine the interaction of the treatment of leaf-fruit ratio with the concentration of leaf fertilizer on quality of abiu fruit. The research was conducted at Balungbang Jaya, Bogor city, West Java Province, from July 2022 to November 2022. This research used a split plot factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) that consisted of 3 replications, the main plot was leaf-fruit ratio, namely 45 leaves : 1 fruit and 30 leaves : 1 fruit which was carried out on tertiary branches of plants, and sub plot is the concentration of foliar fertilizer which consistsed of 1, 2, and 3 g L-1. The fertilizer applied to each treatment was dissolved in a concentration of grams per liter of water. The number of plants in the research was 18 trees. The research results showed that the leaf-fruit ratio and foliar fertilizer improved the quality of abiu fruit, which was indicated by a trend of increasing fruit quality, although it did not show a significant difference. The difference between Leaf-fruit ratio 45:1 versus 30:1 and foliar fertilizer increased the horizontal and vertical diameter of fruit at 4 – 9 weeks after anthesis and the weight of abiu fruit with a percentage range below 10%. Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) is 12.22% and the Total Dissolved Solids/Total Titratable Acidity (TDS/TTA) ratio is 6.42% if the ratio is 45:1 compared to the ratio 30:1. Application of foliar fertilizer increased fruit weight by 10.74%, TDS by 10.94%, and TDS/TTA ratio by 18.42%. The interaction between leaf-fruit ratio and foliar fertilizer had a significant effect on TTA, but had no significant effect on the internal and external quality of abiu fruit.