Patogen Terbawa Benih serta Pengaruh Sortasi dan Elektroterapi terhadap Viabilitas Kedelai
Date
2024-03-28Author
Respati, Riantika Chandra
Mutaqin, Kikin Hamzah
Tondok, Efi Toding
Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
Kedelai merupakan komoditas pangan penting di Indonesia. Produksi kedelai
cenderung menurun dari tahun 2017 hingga 2022. Produksi kedelai nasional
belum mampu mencukupi kebutuhan dalam negeri sehingga pemerintah
mengimpor kedelai sekitar 2,48 juta ton pada tahun 2021. Patogen terbawa benih
menjadi penting karena merugikan secara kualitas dan kuantitas produksi tanaman
kedelai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bakteri dan cendawan
terbawa benih kedelai dan mengetahui pengaruh elektroterapi terhadap viabilitas
benih hasil sortasi. Metode meliputi isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri dan cendawan
terbawa benih dengan metode pengenceran dan blotter test, pengujian Gram, uji
reaksi hipersensitivitas, dan perlakuan elektroterapi untuk benih yang dibedakan
dalam benih tanpa gejala, bergejala dan acak hasil sortasi. Isolat bakteri terbawa
benih kedelai berdasarkan karakter morfologi dan fisiologinya teridentifikasi
sebagai Xanthomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp., dan Ralstonia solanacearum.
Sedangkan isolat cendawan teridentifikasi sebagai Aspergillus flavus, A. niger,
Trichoderma sp., Sclerotium rolfsii, dan Penicillium sp.. Elektroterapi terhadap
benih kedelai dilakukan dengan tegangan 12 V DC dan arus 1 A pada konsentrasi
NaCl 1 M dalam waktu 0, 5, 10, 15, dan 20 menit pada masing-masing sortasi
benih memberikan pengaruh negatif viabilitas benih dan panjang tajuk tanaman.
Dua penyakit ditemukan pada tanaman selama 11 MST dari benih kedelai hasil
elektroterapi, yaitu bercak daun (Curvularia sp.), dan penyakit mosaik yang
diduga Soybean mosaic virus Soybean is an important food commodity in Indonesia. Soybean production
has tended to decline from 2017 to 2022, unable to meet national demand. As a
consequence, the government imported around 2.48 million tons of soybeans in
2021. Pathogens carried by seeds are important because they harm the quality and
quantity of soybean production. This research aims to identify bacteria and fungi
carried by soybean seeds and to determine the effect of electrotherapy on the
viability of sorted seeds. The methods include isolating and identifying bacteria
and fungi carried by seeds using dilution and blotter test, Gram testing,
hypersensitivity reaction testing, and seed electrotherapy distinguished in
symptomless, symptomatic, and randomly sorted seeds. Isolates of bacteria
carried by soybean seeds based on morphological and physiological
characteristics were identified as Xanthomonas sp., Pseudomonas sp., and
Ralstonia solanacearum. The identified fungi are Aspergillus flavus, A. niger,
Trichoderma sp., Sclerotium rolfsii, and Penicillium sp. Electrotherapy on
soybean seeds was conducted at 12 V DC and 1 A with 1 M NaCl concentration
for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes on each seed sorting showed negative effect on
seed viability and plant shoot length. Two diseases were found in plants during
the planting period over 11 weeks after planting are leaf spot (Curvularia sp.) and
disease suspected to be caused by Soybean mosaic virus.
Collections
- UT - Plant Protection [2361]