Model Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Makroplastik di Sungai Cikapundung, Kabupaten Bandung, Provinsi Jawa Barat

Abstract

Sungai Citarum merupakan salah satu sungai yang mengalami pencemaran akibat penumpukan sampah di aliran sungainya. Sumber masukan sampah terbesar diduga berasal dari anak sungai Citarum yaitu Sungai Cikapundung. Pertambahan penduduk, perubahan pola konsumsi masyarakat, dan letak sungai yang melewati wilayah perkotaan berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan volume, jenis, dan karakteristik sampah. Tujuan dari penelitian yaitu mengidentifikasi jenis sampah makroplastik yang mencemari Sungai Cikapundung, menentukan faktor yang memengaruhi pengelolaan sampah dan partisipasi masyarakat sehingga dapat memberikan manfaat untuk rekomendasi pengelolaan sampah. Penelitian dilakukan di hilir Sungai Cikapundung dan pemukiman masyarakat di Kecamatan Bojongsoang, Kecamatan Dayeuhkolot, dan Kecamatan Baleendah. Pengambilan data mengenai sampah makroplastik menggunakan metode Frame Pocket Net (FPN) yang diturunkan ke aliran sungai selama 15-30 menit. Data yang diperoleh adalah sampah makroplastik yang terjaring sebanyak 11 jenis, yaitu sampah kemasan plastik bening, kemasan plastik tanpa aluminium, kemasan plastik beraluminium, kantong plastik, gelas, plastik tebal, botol minum, punting rokok, styrofoam, sedotan, dan sampah lainnya. Jumlah makroplastik yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu jenis kantung plastik dan kemasan. Jumlah timbulan sampah makroplastik tertinggi terdapat pada Bulan Agustus sebanyak 58.835 sampah/jam. Pengujian data sosial dilakukan dengan metode statistik Structural Equation Modeling – Partial Least Square menggunakan software SmartPLS 4.0. Hasil analisis model partisipasi masyarakat pada Kecamatan Bojongsoang, Kecamatan Dayeuhkolot, dan Kecamatan Baleendah menunjukkan hasil yang relatif sama yaitu variabel pengurangan sampah memberikan kontribusi yang kecil terhadap pengelolaan sampah. Variabel penanganan sampah dan pengaruh dari faktor eksternal memberikan kontribusi yang besar terhadap pengelolaan sampah. Pengelolaan sampah di Kecamatan Bojongsoang memberikan dampak sebesar 65.8%, di Kecamatan Dayeuhkolot sebesar 19.9%, dan di Kecamatan Baleendah sebesar 33.4%. Kegiatan penanganan sampah dan peran dari faktor eksternal memberikan pengaruh terhadap pengelolaan sampah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pengelolaan sampah dapat difokuskan di titik-titik sumber sampah seperti kegiatan pasar dan pemukiman masyarakat.

The Citarum River is one of the rivers that experience pollution due to the accumulation of rubbish in its river flow. The largest source of waste input is thought to come from a tributary of the Citarum River, namely the Cikapundung River. Population growth, changes in people's consumption patterns, and the location of rivers that pass through urban areas have an influence on increasing the volume, type, and characteristics of waste. The aim of the research is to identify the types of macroplastic waste that pollute the Cikapundung River, and determine the factors that influence waste management and community participation so that it can provide benefits for waste management recommendations. The research was conducted downstream of the Cikapundung River and in community settlements in Bojongsoang District, Dayeuhkolot District, and Baleendah District. Data collection regarding macroplastic waste uses the Frame Pocket Net (FPN) method which is lowered into the river flow for 15-30 minutes. The data obtained was 11 types of macroplastic waste that were netted, clear plastic bags, plastic pack without aluminum, plastic pack with alluminium, plastic bags, plastic cups, thick plastic, drinking bottles, cigarette butts, styrofoam, straws, and other waste. The most common types of macroplastics are plastic bags and packaging. The highest amount of macroplastic waste generation was in August at 58.835 waste/hour. Social data testing was carried out using the Structural Equation Modeling - Partial Least Square statistical method using SmartPLS 4.0 software. The results of the analysis of the community participation model in Bojongsoang District, Dayeuhkolot District, and Baleendah District show relatively similar results, namely that the waste reduction variable makes a small contribution to waste management. Waste handling variables and the influence of external factors make a major contribution to waste management. Waste management in Bojongsoang District has an impact of 65.8%, in Dayeuhkolot District is 19.9%, and in Baleendah District it is 33.4%. Waste handling activities and the role of external factors influence waste management. Based on the research results, waste management can be focused on waste source points such as market activities and community settlements.