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      Pengaruh Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan terhadap Karakteristik Tanah dan Stabilitas Bahan Organik pada Tanah Vulkanik.

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Muslim, Rufaidah Qonita
      Mulyanto, Budi
      Suryaningtyas, Dyah Tjahyandari
      Subiksa, I Gusti Made
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      Abstract
      Perubahan penggunaan lahan dari hutan menjadi lahan pertanian merupakan hal yang umum terjadi di daerah pegunungan di Indonesia. Hal ini memengaruhi karakteristik tanah, termasuk bahan organik tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perubahan penggunaan lahan dari hutan menjadi penggunaan lahan lain terhadap karakteristik tanah dan stabilitas bahan organik. Sampel tanah diambil di sekitar lereng Gunung Gede dan Pangrango mewakili penggunaan lahan, diantaranya hutan alami, hutan pinus, kebun teh dan lahan hortikultura. Sampel tanah dianalisis di laboratorium untuk menentukan sifat fisik, kimia dan mineral tanah dari penggunaan lahan yang berbeda. Analisis laboratorium yang dilakukan, antara lain: tekstur, pH tanah, C-organik, total N, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), basa-basa dapat ditukar, retensi P, kelimpahan Al, Fe, Si dan C yang diekstrak amonium oksalat (Alo, Feo, Sio) dan natrium pirofosfat (Alp, Fep, Sip, Cp) serta analisis mineral pasir dan klei. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan morfologi dan klasifikasi tanah pada masingmasing penggunaan lahan cenderung sama. Profil tanah hutan alami, hutan pinus dan kebun teh termasuk ke dalam ordo Inceptisol, kecuali pada lahan hortikultura tergolong ke dalam ordo Andisol. Perubahan penggunaan lahan dari hutan alam menjadi hutan pinus dan lahan pertanian seperti perkebunan teh dan hortikultura memengaruhi karakteristik tanah diantaranya meningkatkan bobot isi tanah, menurunkan pH tanah, C-organik, total N, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), dan kejenuhan basa, terutama pada lapisan atas. Mineral pasir yang dominan pada semua penggunaan lahan adalah augit dan hipersten, sedangkan mineral klei didominasi oleh kaolinit dan illit dimana tanah hutan memiliki variasi mineral klei lebih banyak dibanding tanah pada lahan pertanian. Stabilitas bahan organik yang digambarkan oleh Alp, Fep, dan Cp (hasil ekstraksi pirofosfat), menggambarkan unsur-unsur tersebut yang membentuk kompleks logam-humus. Pengelolaan lahan, kondisi lingkungan serta kadar Al dan Fe pada masing-masing penggunaan lahan diduga memengaruhi kompleks Al-Fe humus. Kecenderungan Al dan Fe dalam membentuk senyawa kompleks-humus yang digambarkan melalui rasio (Alp+Fep)/(Alo+Feo) paling tinggi terdapat pada hutan alami, diikuti hutan pinus, kebun teh dan lahan hortikultura. Dengan demikian, ada indikasi penggunaan lahan dengan pengelolaan yang semakin intensif dapat menurunkan stabilitas bahan organik.
       
      Land use change from forest to agricultural land is common in mountainous areas of Indonesia. This affects soil properties, including soil organic matter. This study aims to determine the effect of land use change from forest to other land uses on soil characteristics and organic matter stability. Soil samples were collected on the slopes of Gede and Pangrango Mounts representing land uses including natural forest, pine forest, tea plantation, and horticultural land. Soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the physical, chemical, and mineral properties of soils from different land uses. Laboratory analyses included: texture, soil pH, organic C, total N, cation exchange capacity (CEC), exchangeable bases, P retention, abundance of Al, Fe, Si, and C extracted ammonium oxalate (Alo, Feo, Sio), and sodium pyrophosphate (Alp, Fep, Cp). Mineral analysis of sand and clay was also performed. The findings showed that the soil morphology and classification in each land uses tend to be similar. The soil profiles of natural forest, pine forest and tea plantation belong to the Inceptisols order, except for horticultural land belonging to the Andisols order. Land use change from natural forest to pine forest and agricultural land such as tea plantation and horticulture affects soil properties such as increasing soil bulk density, decreasing soil pH, organic C, total N, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and base saturation, especially in the upper layers. The dominant sand minerals in all land uses were augite and hypersthene, while clay minerals were dominated by kaolinite and illite, with forest soils having a greater variety of clay minerals than agricultural soils. The stability of the organic matter described by Alp, Fep, and Cp (pyrophosphate extraction results) shows that these elements form metal-humus complexes. Land management, environmental conditions, and Al and Fe levels in each land use influence Al-Fe humus complexation. The tendency of Al and Fe to form humus complexes described by (Alp+Fep)/(Alo+Feo) ratio is highest in natural forests, followed by pine forests, tea plantation, and horticultural land. Thus, there are indications that land use with increasingly intensive management can reduce the stability of organic matter.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/135736
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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      Universitas Jember Digital Repository