Bird Community In Urban Habitats: Assessment Using Passive Acoustic Monitoring

Abstract

The increase in building infrastructure in urban habitat due to the need for more infrastructures has increased the isolation of vegetated areas, which affect the longterm survival of urban bird communities (van Balen et al 1986; Isaksson 2018). The decline of natural habitats in tropical areas and the increase of urban habitats have increased the importance of urban habitats for bird conservation. Urban birds can be used as indicators of environmental conditions, especially climate change. Trijanowski et al. (2013) reported that migratory birds arrived earlier in urban habitats indicating that birds in urban habitats are more affected by climate change. Urban landscapes are varied; therefore, birds might respond differently to different types of urban habitats.Previous studies showed that birds in urban habitats are affected by traffic noise (Parris and Schneider 2009; Syaqina 2017), and that bird diversity differs between sites in urban areas due to different noise levels (Haryadi 2016;). urban bird adaptation to such disturbance. Why urban birds? We all know that with the increase of human population and needs, urban areas are growing, while at the same time natural vegetated areas especially natural forest area decreasing. This affects the sustainability of bird diversity. Many species became endangered. On the other hand, the needs of green areas in the cities is also realized, so people built parks, green ways and urban forest and plant trees. This provides alternative habitats for birds. Bird conservation in urban areas becomes important, and to support it we need to know what birds are adapted in the urban areas and how they behave. We need urban bird inventory. Conventional methods to assess bird communities that use vocal detection, such as point counts, might be hindered by noise in urban habitat. Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) that records wildlife sound for a period of time can be used to detect bird communities. ...