Analisis perubahan sosial dan institusi pengelolaan sumberdaya pesisir: Studi kasus masyarakat Suku Laut di Desa Air Sena, Kecamatan Kepulauan Anambas, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau

Abstract

This study analyses about history, social change, the role of conununity, institution, and conflict of coastal resources management. The study was conducted in Air Sena Village, District Central Siantan, Sub-Province Anambas Archipelago, Province Riau Archipelago in June 18th up to August 20'", 2009 with qualitative method. Research technique is case study with in-depth interview and limited participatory observation as the instruments. The selected informans were 26 people with 7 people as the key informans. Air Sena Village is a settlement from descendant of Suku Laut Conununity which has done crossed marriage with Dayak !ban and Chinese etnics. In July 2009, number of its residents is reaching 669 people. Their houses are altogether located in coast area. The name Of Air Sena was obtained from invention of wellspring from Sena tree (Pterocarpus indicus) in this kampong. There are still some people believing existence of myth and pantang-larang, namely of suggestion or prohibition which must be obeyed by all members. Along with run of time, social change happened in Air Sena Village. Culturalized and belief of public started to shifted and eroded since approximately 1990. While change in economic happened fastly since public did horizontal social mobility about seeking pattern of maintenance and the entry of Hongkong to import napoleon and kerapu fish in the year 1997. Air Sena people make a move from fish searcher and chooses to be conducting by looking after of napoleon and kerapu fish. With the cooperation pattern, it results Air Sena people have high dependency to boss and entrepreneur from Hongkong. Formal institution simply more dominantly if compared to informal institution in coastal resources management. But unhappily, the formal institution effectiveness is not maximum because public obey that institution just because they fear to sanctioned. Public nor response to environmental and natural resources damage causing assorted of area problems, like the breakdown of coral reef and the lessen amount of certain type of fish. Coastal resources management which held by some actors with different importance has triggered the happening of conflict. Most of conflict happened in KKA is conflict on the surface. However, there are also latent and open conflict. Conflict that happened at fishery catchs are class conflict, ownership of resources conflict, resources management conflict, environmental conflict, and primordial conflict. As for conflict that happened at looking after of fish are class conflict, resources management conflict, and business conflict.