Pemrosesan dan Analisis Acoustic Backscatter Sedimen Dasar Laut di Perairan Teluk Yos Sudarso, Jayapura Menggunakan Instrumen Side Scan Sonar

Abstract

Side Scan Sonar merupakan instrumen yang digunakan untuk pencitraan dasar laut. Side Scan Sonar mampu membedakan permukaan dasar laut seperti batuan, lumpur, pasir, serta mendeteksi keberadaan pipa dan kabel laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginterpretasi dasar laut secara visual dan menganalisa nilai hamburbalik (dB) dengan metode Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) untuk mengetahui jenis substrat dasar laut. Data yang digunakan merupakan hasil pendeteksian instrumen Side Scan Sonar CMAX CM2 Towfish di perairan Teluk Yos Sudarso dengan 3 lintasan survei. Pengolahan data citra Side Scan Sonar meliputi koreksi geometrik dan koreksi radiometrik menggunakan perangkat lunak Sonarwiz 7. Koreksi geometrik meliputi bottom track dan slant range correction, serta koreksi radiometrik meliputi Beam Angle Correction (BAC), Automatic Gain Control (AGC), dan Time Varying Gain (TVG). Konversi data menggunakan perangkat lunak XtftoSegy, ekspor nilai amplitudo dengan Seisee, kemudian menampilkan hubungan amplitudo dan waktu, serta CWT menggunakan Matlab. Hasil penelitian ini diperoleh target berupa dua pasir dan satu karang. Hasil perhitungan nilai hamburbalik karang sebesar -5,0413 dB pada lintasan 6. Nilai hamburbalik pasir sebesar -15,4362 dB pada lintasan 7. Nilai hamburbalik pasir sebesar -14,2007 dB pada lintasan 8. Analisis Continuous Wavelet Transform menunjukkan target dengan tekstur keras dan kasar memiliki intensitas berwarna kuning pada scalogram, sedangkan target dengan tekstur lebih halus dan lunak memiliki intensitas berwarna biru pada scalogram.

Side Scan Sonar is an instrument that is usually used to perform seabed imaging. Side Scan Sonar can distinguish seabed such as rocks, silt, sand, and detect the existence of marine pipes and cables. The aim of this research was to interpretate the seabed visually and analyze the backscatter (dB) with Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) for determine the type of seabed substrate. The data used from the detection of Side Scan Sonar C-Max CM2 Towfish instrument in Yos Sudarso Bay with 3 survey lines. Processing data Side Scan Sonar Image consisting of geometric corrections and radiometric corrections using Sonarwiz 7 software. Geometric corrections consist of bottom track and slant range, and radiometric corrections consist of Beam Angle Correction (BAC), Automatic Gain Control (AGC), and Time Varying Gain (TVG). Data was converted by XtftoSegy, amplitudo values were exported by Seisee, and displaying relation of amplitude and time, and CWT using Matlab. The results of this research were two sands and one coral target. The backscatter value of coral was -5,0413 dB on line 6. The backscatter value of sand was -15,4362 dB on line 7. The backscatter value of sand was -14,2007 dB on line 8. Continuous Wavelet Transform analysis shows that targets with hard and coarse textures have a yellow intensity on the scalogram, while targets with smooth and soft textures have a blue intensity on the scalogram.