Evaluasi Karakter Agronomi dan Potensi Produksi Taoge Beberapa Galur Kacang Hijau (Vigna radiata L.)

Abstract

Kacang hijau (Vigna radiata L.) merupakan tanaman pangan legum sumber amilosa dan populer menghasilkan taoge. Varietas nasional yang pengembangannya khusus untuk taoge adalah Vimil 1 dan Vimil 2. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi karakter-karakter agronomi dan potensi taoge galur-galur kacang hijau IPB. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2022 sampai Maret 2023 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura. Penelitian ini menguji 17 galur kacang hijau IPB dan dua varietas nasional (Vima 1 dan Vimil 1), menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakter umur berbunga 50%, jumlah cabang total, tinggi tanaman, jumlah polong bernas, bobot ubinan, bobot 100 butir, panjang taoge, bobot satuan taoge, dan bobot total taoge. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa karakter bobot ubinan berkorelasi positif dengan jumlah cabang total, jumlah cabang produktif, jumlah polong bernas, bobot polong, dan bobot biji. Analisis klaster menghasilkan 5 kelompok genotipe dengan level similarity 33,3%. Klaster 1 terdiri atas genotipe F7-VR10/V1-49, klaster 2 terdiri atas F7-VR10/V1-27, Vima 1, dan F7-VR10/V1-29, klaster 3 terdiri atas F7-VR10/V1-13, F7-Lom 2/129-37, F7-VR10/V1-31, F7-Lom2/129-28, F7- lom2/129-34, F7-Lom2/129-2, F7-Lom2/129-22, F7-Lom2/129-49, F7-Lom2/129- 42, F7-Lom2/129-30, F7-VR10/V1-6, F7-VR10/V1-10, serta F7-Lom2/129-50, klaster 4 terdiri atas genotipe F7-VR10/V1-56, klaster 5 terdiri atas Vimil 1. Genotipe dengan karakter agronomi dan taoge unggul antara lain F7-VR10/V1-49, F7-VR10/V1-27, F7-Lom2/129-34, F7-VR10/V1-56, F7-Lom2/129-49, dan F7- VR10/V1-29.

Mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) is a legume food plant that is a source of amylose and popular for producing sprouts. The national varieties specially developed for sprouts were Vimil 1 and Vimil 2. The research was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics and potential of IPB's mung bean sprouts. The research was conducted from December 2022 to March 2023 at the Leuwikopo Experimental Garden of the IPB and the Plant Breeding Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture. This research tested 17 IPB mung bean lines and two national varieties (Vima 1 and Vimil 1) using a single-factor randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed that genotype had a significant effect on 50% day of flowering, total number of branches, plant height, number of pods, tile weight, 100 grain weight, length of sprouts, unit weight of sprouts, and total weight of sprouts. Correlation analysis showed that the character of tile weight was positively correlated with the total number of branches, number of productive branches, number of pods, pod weight, and seed weight.. The results of cluster analysis group five genotype groups with similarity level 33,33%. Cluster 1 consist of F7-VR10/V1-49 genotype, cluster 2 consist of F7-VR10/V1-27, Vima 1, dan F7-VR10/V1-29 genotype, cluster 2 consist of F7-VR10/V1-13, F7-Lom 2/129-37, F7-VR10/V1-31, F7-Lom2/129-28, F7lom2/129-34, F7-Lom2/129-2, F7- Lom2/129-22, F7-Lom2/129-49, F7-Lom2/129-42, F7-Lom2/129-30, F7-VR10/V1- 6, F7-VR10/V1-10, serta F7-Lom2/129-50, cluster 4 consist of F7-VR10/V1-56 cluster 5 consist of Vimil 1. The genotypes with the best agronomic and sprouts characters include F7-VR10/V1-49, F7-VR10/V1-27, F7-Lom2/129-34, F7- VR10/V1-56, F7-Lom2/129-49, and F7-VR10/V1-29.