Analisis Kualitas Air dan Kinerja Produksi saat Outbreak Berbagai Penyakit di Tambak Intensif Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Abstract
Kualitas air berperan penting pada tambak udang terlebih saat terjadinya outbreak penyakit oleh acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), white feces disease (WFD), dan white spot disease (WSD). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kondisi kualitas air dan kinerja produksi saat outbreak berbagai penyakit. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tiga petak tambak aktif, air tandon, dan air buangan. Parameter yang diamati yaitu kinerja produksi dan kualitas air baik komponen fisika, kimia, ataupun biologi. Analisis statistik dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan teknik principal component analysis (PCA) dan klaster k-means. Hasil penelitian menunjukan parameter kualitas air yang diduga sebagai penyebab terjadinya outbreak penyakit yaitu pH, amonium, nitrit, nitrat, alkalinitas, total bacteria count (TBC), total vibrio count (TVC), total yellow vibrio (TYV), total green vibrio (TGV), dan fitoplankton dengan dominansi Cyanophyceae genus Trichodesmium sp. Laju pertumbuhan bobot harian (LPBH) semakin menurun seiring bertambahnya hari budidaya, tingkat kelangsungan hidup (TKH) dan produktivitas yang dihasilkan rendah, serta rasio konversi pakan (RKP) menunjukan nilai yang tergolong baik. Karakterisasi tambak menunjukan air tandon memiliki kualitas air yang baik dibandingkan dengan petak dan air buangan tambak, semakin meningkatnya hari budidaya karakter kualitas air pada petak tambak semakin mendekati air buangan yang memiliki karakter paling buruk diantara semua lokasi sampling. Water quality plays an important role in shrimp ponds especially during disease outbreaks by acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND), white feces disease (WFD), and white spot disease (WSD). This study aimed to analyze water quality conditions and production performance during outbreaks of various diseases. The study was conducted on three plots of active ponds, reservoir water, and waste water. Parameters observed were production performance and water quality in terms of physical, chemical and biological components. Statistical analysis was conducted descriptively with principal component analysis (PCA) and k-means clustering techniques. The results showed that the water quality parameters suspected as the cause of disease outbreak were pH, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, alkalinity, total bacteria count (TBC), total vibrio count (TVC), total yellow vibrio (TYV), total green vibrio (TGV), and phytoplankton with dominance of Cyanophyceae genus Trichodesmium sp. The daily weight growth rate decreased with increasing days of cultivation, the survival rate and productivity were low, and the feed conversion ratio showed a relatively good value. Pond characterization showed that the reservoir water has good water quality compared to the plots and pond effluent water, the increasing days of cultivation of water quality characters in pond plots are getting closer to the effluent water which has the worst character among all sampling locations.
Collections
- UT - Aquaculture [1988]