Pengaruh 2,4-D dan BAP terhadap Organogenesis Anthurium vittariifolium secara In Vitro

Abstract

Anthurium vittariifolium merupakan tanaman hias pot yang belum banyak dikenal dan dipelajari sehingga perlu dilakukan perbanyakan secara in vitro untuk dapat diproduksi secara massal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh 2,4-D dan BAP serta interaksinya terhadap organogenesis A. vittariifolium secara in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2022 sampai April 2023 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan 3, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak dua faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu auksin 2,4-D (0; 0,3; dan 0,6 mg L-1). Faktor kedua yaitu sitokinin BAP (0; 1; 2; dan 3 mg L-1). Terdapat 12 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan sehingga diperoleh 60 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan 2,4-D secara tunggal memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap persentase eksplan membentuk kalus. Perlakuan BAP secara tunggal memberikan pengaruh nyata hingga sangat nyata terhadap persentase kalus beregenerasi membentuk tunas. Interaksi 2,4-D dengan BAP memberikan pengaruh nyata hingga sangat nyata pada eksplan membentuk kalus dan jumlah tunas. Tunas terbanyak dihasilkan dari media yang diperkaya BAP 1 mg L-1 yang berinteraksi dengan pemberian 2,4-D 0 dan 0,6 mg L-1 yang menghasilkan 10 tunas walaupun tidak berbeda nyata dengan beberapa perlakuan lainnya.

Anthurium vittariifolium is a cut flower that is not widely known and studied, hence in vitro propagation is necessary for mass production. This study aims to investigate the effects of 2,4-D and BAP and their interactions on the organogenesis of A. vittariifolium in vitro. The research was conducted from November 2022 to April 2023 at the Tissue Culture Laboratory 3, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. This study used a Completely Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor was the auxin 2,4-D (0; 0.3; and 0.6 mg L-1). The second factor was the cytokinin BAP (0; 1; 2; and 3 mg L-1). There were 12 treatments with 5 replications, resulting in a total of 60 experimental units. The results showed that the single treatment of 2,4-D had a significant effect on the percentage of explants inducing callus. The single treatment of BAP had a significant effect on the percentage of regenerating callus-forming shoots. The interaction between 2,4-D and BAP had a significant to highly significant effect on the percentage of explants inducing callus and the number of shoots. The majority of callus colors formed were white, yellow, light green, green, and dark green, with 100% compact callus formation. The highest number of shoots resulted from media enriched with BAP 1 mg L-1 which interacted with 2,4-D 0 and 0.6 mg L-1 which produced 10 shoots although not significantly different from some of the other treatments.