Pengolahan Pakan Berbasis Palm Kernel Meal-Indigofera dalam Bentuk Mash, Silase, Pellet, dan Wafer untuk Ternak Domba

Abstract

Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) is a by-product (waste) from the extraction of palm kernel oil, which has the potential to be used as raw in the preparation of animal feed but has not been used optimally due to its low palatability and digestibility. The use of PKM needs to increase its usability as a quality feed product. Efforts to increase the effectiveness of PKM are supplementation with Indigofera zolingeriana by processing complete feed as quality feed. Feed processing effectively increases ingredients' use value, including their digestibility, palatability, and shelf life. Some of the processing that is commonly carried out is the processing of feed in the form of mash, pellets, wafers, and silage. This research was conducted in three stages. The first stage was the feed processing of completed feed based on PKM-Indigo in the form of mash, silage, pellets, and wafers, followed by testing the physical characteristics (moisture content, water activity, and bulk density) and chemical characteristics (dry matter, ash, crude protein, fat crude, crude fiber, total digestible nutrient, and nitrogen free extract). The design used in the first stage of the completed feed based on PKM- Indigo in the physical test was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 5 feed treatments with 4 replications each, the chemical content of the feed was analyzed descriptively. The second stage is testing the quality of the completed feed based on PKM-Indigo in vitro (NH3, VFA, KCBK, and KCBO). In vitro digestibility test was analyzed descriptively.The third stage is the in vivo evaluation of completed feed based on PKM-Indigo (daily body weight gain, feed efficiency, and income over feed costs) using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 5 feed treatments and 4 groups as replicates. The data obtained from this study were analyzed using ANOVA (analysis of variance), and if they were significantly different, they were further tested using Duncan's test. The results showed that feed processing based on PKM-Indigo in the form of mash, silage, pellets, and wafers significantly (P<0,01) affected water content, water activity, and specific gravity. The lowest water content and water activity values were found in pelleted feed, namely 7,30% and 0,60% with a bulk density of 1,17 g mL-1. In vitro digestibility test was analyzed descriptively. Feed processing in the form of mash, silage, pellets, and wafers has a nutrient content that is in accordance with livestock needs. Complete feed based on PKM-Indigo in the form of mash, silage, pellets, and wafers in vitro showed that NH3, VFA, KCBK, and KCBO values were still in normal conditions. Completed feed feeding based on PKM-Indigo in the form of mash, silage, pellets, and wafers significantly (P<0,01) affected body weight gain, feed efficiency, and income over feed costs. Wafer feeding produced the best sheep performance with a daily body weight gain of 180,36 g/head/day, feed efficiency of 15,48%, and the highest profit of IDR 449.890.