Rantai Pasok Perdagangan dan Strategi Pengelolaan Berkelanjutan Pari Air Tawar Dilindungi di Sungai Musi, Sumatera Selatan
Abstract
Pemerintah Indonesia telah menerbitkan aturan perlindungan penuh terhadap
tiga spesies pari air tawar di Sungai Musi yaitu pari tutul (Fluvitrygon oxyrhynchus),
pari pinggir putih (Fluvitrygon signifier), dan pari raksasa (Urogymnus polylepis)
melalui Keputusan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan (Kepmen-KP) Nomor 1 Tahun
2021 tentang Jenis Ikan yang Dilindungi. Namun, peraturan tersebut terbukti belum
efektif dan masih terjadi penangkapan bahkan perdagangan pari air tawar di pasar
lokal secara bebas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengungkap kondisi ekonomi yang
melatarbelakangi penangkapan ilegal pari air tawar dan dan menyusun strategi
untuk mendukung konservasi pari air tawar di Sungai Musi, Sumatera Selatan.
Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif, margin pemasaran, matrix
of alliance, conflicts, tactical objectives, and recommendations (MACTOR), dan
analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa rantai
pasok pari air tawar singkat dan melibatkan aktor pemasaran yang terbatas.
Perdagangan pari air tawar ilegal menghasilkan margin pemasaran yang tinggi
sehingga mendorong terjadinya perdagangan ilegal. Program konservasi yang
menjadi prioritas diantaranya sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, penelitian terkait pari
air tawar, serta peningkatan pengawasan melalui penambahan jumlah pengawas
perikanan ataupun peningkatan peran Pokmaswas. Peran dari relay actors penting
untuk mendukung keberhasilan program konservasi. The Indonesian government has issued full protection rules for three species
of freshwater stingrays in the Musi River, namely spotted stingrays (Fluvitrygon
oxyrhynchus), white edge stingrays (Fluvitrygon signifier), and giant stingrays
(Urogymnus polylepis) through a Decree of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and
Fisheries (Kepmen-KP) Number 1 of 2021 concerning Protected Fish Species.
However, these regulations have proven to be ineffective and there are still free
fishing and even trading of freshwater stingrays in the local market. This study aims
to reveal the economic conditions behind the illegal fishing of freshwater stingrays
and develop a strategy to support the conservation of freshwater stingrays in the
Musi River, South Sumatra. This study uses descriptive analysis methods,
marketing margins, matrix of alliances, conflicts, tactical objectives, and
recommendations (MACTOR), and analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The results
of the analysis show that the supply chain of freshwater stingrays is short and
involves limited marketing actors. The illegal freshwater stingrays trade generates
high marketing margins which encourages illegal trade. Priority conservation
programs include socialization to the community, research related to freshwater
stingrays, and increased supervision through increasing the number of fishery
supervisors or increasing the role of Pokmaswas. The role of relay actors is
important to support the success of conservation programs.