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      Kebutuhan energi dan protein kambing peranakan etawah calon pejantan

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      Date
      2000
      Author
      Partama, Ida Bagus Gaga
      Sutardi, Toha
      Toharmat, Toto
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      Abstract
      Neraca perdagangan peternakan terus-menerus negatif Dalam kondisi krisis ekonomi impor susu dan daging tidak mengalami perubahan yang berarti. Misalnya dalam kurun waktu 1994 - 1998, rataan nilai impor susu dan daging berkisar sekitar US$ 160 juta dan $ 32.4 juta per tahun (Direktorat Jenderal Peternakan, 1999). Pemacuan produksi susu dan daging ruminansia tampak menghadapi hambatan akibat tekanan penduduk di sentra produksi. Misalnya keadaan dalam 5 tahun terakhir, hubungan antara X = kepadatan penduduk (jiwa/km2 ) dengan Y = kepadatan ternak ruminansia besar (ekor/km2 ) terlihat sebagai berikut: Y = - 7.445 + 0.2633 X - 0.0002 X2 dengan keeratan hubungan (R2 ) 0.8560 dan simpangan baku (Sb) 9.041. Berarti bahwa kepadatan ternak ruminansia besar dapat meningkat sejalan dengan kenaikan kepadatan penduduk sampai dengan kepadatan penduduk 658 jiwa/km2 . Setelah itu, kepadatan ternak menurun. Akan tetapi hubungan kepadatan ruminansia kecil tampak seperti: Y = 1.0047 + 0.0643 X + 0.00005 X2 dengan R2 = 0.9193 dan Sb = 10.59. Berarti kepadatan ternak ruminansia kecil belum tampak titik jenuhnya. Kondisi ini merupakan peluang dan tantangan untuk mengembangkan peternakan kambing secara maksimal, mengingat secara biologis ternak ini adalah prolifik dan dapat diterima secara luas oleh masyarakat sehingga mempermudah pengembangannya. Kambing PE merupakan hasil kawin silang antara kambing Kacang dengan kambing Etawah, dengan kinerja yang sangat beragam akibat dari sistem pemuliaan dan seleksi yang tidak terarah. Secara genetik, ternak ini berpotensi sebagai penghasil daging dan susu, namun potensi ini belum dikembangkan secara maksimal. Di Balitnak CiawiBogor telah dilakukan seleksi terhadap kambing PE untuk mendapatkan bibit guna memacu produktivitas daging dan susu.
       
      Since milk production of dairy cattle tends to decline, there is a growing interest d consumption of goat milk out of the Ettawah Cross. The genetic make up of the als is quite variable so as selection is necessary. A proper selection needs a good n ition. There is a need therefore, to define their energy and protein requirements. e ty seven buck kids were subjected randomly to 3 levels metabolizable energy (Ivffi) ( . , 3.0, and 3.2 Mcal.kg-1) and 3 levels crude protein (CP) (9.7, 11.8, and 14.4%). The ani al requirements were defined as Y = awP1 .G132.(CPIMEl3 , where W = liveweight (kg), G = liveweight gain (g.daf1), and Y = ME (kcal.daf1), CP (g.dal), Ca (mg.daf1), P ( g.daf1 ) or Zn (ppm.day-1 ). All the regression equations were real (p<0.01 ). It was ated that the maintenance requirements of animal were 106 kcal 1vffi, 4.40 g CP, 261 mg a, 157 mg P, and 1.82 ppm Zn.kg-1w°75 . Each g of liveweight gain required addi ional allowance of 7.59 kcal 1vffi, 0.315 g CP, 12.6 mg Ca, 11.2 mg P, and 0.203 ppm n. The figure was slightly higher than those recommended by the NRC (1981). The reaction norms between N intake and N retention changed with the CP/ME ratio . There were phenotypic plasticity phenomena of nutrition and reproduction vari bles. The animal on low protein level showed a clear trade off among traits such as the ecrease in live weight gain was associated with an increase in the number of the no al viable spermatozoa. Dietary CP/ME ratio significantly (p<0.05) affected dry matt r intake, rumen fermentation products, urinary allantoin excretion, mineral concentration in blood plasma, nutrients deposition, testes development, libido, on set pube and semen quality. The regression analyses clearly showed that the optimum ME and CP of the diet were 2.8 Mcal.kg-1 and 21%. The best CP/ME ratio was 50 g CP/Mcal DE with ME and CP 2 63 Mcal.kg-1 and 16.14% with OM intake 3.0% of the animal liveweight.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/119235
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      • DT - Animal Science [361]

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