Model Dinamik Pengendalian Emisi Kendaraan Bermotor di Kota Makassar
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Date
2013Author
Mandra, Moh. Ahsan S
Herodian, Sam
Effendi, Sobry
Seminar, Kudang Boro
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Show full item recordAbstract
Kota Makassar merupakan kota metropolitan yang terus berkembang.
Seiring dengan perkembangan tersebut jumlah penduduk Kota Makassar pun akan
terus bertambah dan akan mempengaruhi potensi dalam menghasilkan polusi
udara melalui sumber antropogenik seperti emisi dari kendaraan bermotor.
Konsep pembangunan berkelanjutan (sustainable development) menghendaki agar
setiap usaha pembangunan yang dilakukan tetap memelihara kondisi lingkungan.
Salah satu aspek lingkungan adalah udara, dimana di dalamnya terkandung
sejumlah oksigen yang merupakan komponen esensial bagi kehidupan baik
manusia maupun makhluk hidup lainnya. Udara juga merupakan sumber daya
alam milik bersama yang besar pengaruhnya pada ekosistem global khususnya
yang terkait dengan masalah pencemaran udara. Makassar as a metropolitan has currently is facing the problem of rapid growth of
the number of vehicle, which caused traffic jam and decrease of air quality as the
result of vehicle emissions. The analysis of emission load, ambient concentration
level, ambient air pollution index, estimates of social and economic impacts of
pollution and scenario implementation are needed as the main goal of the
research to determine the appropriate strategy of air pollution control in Makassar.
The model developed in this research is consist of six steps of analysis: (1) needs
analysis, (2) formulation of the problem, (3) identification of the system, (4)
modeling system, (4) validation, and (6) scenario implementation. The data was
collected by using a survey method such as field observations and measurements,
in-depth interviews and documentation. The model simulations showed that in the
early years of simulation (2011), ambient concentration value of CO, NO2, SO2
dan PM10 are still below the air quality standard. Whereas, at the end of the
simulation (2026), pollutants which mostly has reached the air quality standard.
The standard index of air pollutans of the entire parameters are good to medium
category. The total number of cases of health problems based on dose-response
analysis in 2011 to 2026 has reached 23 million cases with the economic value
up to 1.5 trillion Rupiah. Application of the model scenarios such as busway, fuel
gas, and combined scenarios can reduce ambient concentration level about 7.77 to
156.49 percent.