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      Karakteristik Fermentasi dan Sintesis Protein Mikroba dengan Pemberian Daun Sumber Protein Berbeda

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      Date
      2023
      Author
      Ilahude, Meygi Caesarika Putri
      Sudarman, Asep
      Jayanegara, Anuraga
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      Abstract
      Produksi ternak dan populasi mikroba dalam rumen dapat dipengaruhi oleh nutrien pakan diantaranya yaitu karbohidrat, protein, vitamin dan mineral. Protein pakan akan didegradasi menjadi peptida dan asam amino kemudian difermentasi menjadi amonia yang dapat digunakan untuk mendukung sintesis protein mikroba, sedangkan beberapa asam amino akan diubah menjadi asam lemak rantai cabang yang akan digunakan sebagai kerangka karbon dalam sintesis protein mikroba. Di Indonesia terdapat beberapa tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai pakan ternak diantaranya yaitu daun singkong (Manihot esculanta), daun lamtoro (Leucaena leuccocephala cv Tarramba) dan daun Indigofera zollingeriana. Ketiga tanaman tersebut memiliki kandungan protein dan asam amino yang bervariasi serta dikenal sebagai tanaman yang toleran terhadap kekeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas protein yang terdapat pada ketiga jenis daun sumber protein terhadap karakteristik fermentasi dan sintesis protein mikroba. Kemudian menentukan tanaman terbaik yang dapat mendukung pertumbuhan bakteri rumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan (kelompok). Perlakuan terdiri dari daun singkong (P1, PK 23%), daun lamtoro (P2, PK 25,86%), daun indigofera (P3, 27,76%) dan konsentrat (P4, PK 16,42%). Pengelompokkan dilakukan berdasarkan waktu pengambilan cairan rumen yang berbeda. Peubah yang diamati meliputi produksi gas total, kinetika produksi gas, fermentabilitas rumen (pH rumen, konsentrasi NH3, VFA total dan VFA parsial), sintesis protein mikroba (SPM), kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK), kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO), kecernaan protein kasar (KcPK), populasi protozoa dan populasi bakteri. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan dan jika terdapat perbedaan yang nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Berdasarkan analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan sumber protein yang berbeda berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap produksi gas total, kinetika produksi gas, konsentrasi NH3, VFA total, VFA parsial, proporsi asetat propionat, gas metan (CH4), KcBK, KcBO dan KcPK. Tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap pH rumen, sintesis protein mikroba (SPM), populasi protozoa dan populasi bakteri. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan daun singkong, daun lamtoro dan daun indigofera memberikan profil fermentasi yang baik, dan daun indigofera adalah daun yang terbaik dari ketiga daun yang diuji. Hal ini ditunjukkan pada nilai NH3 dan VFA yang tinggi sehingga meningkatkan kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik
       
      Livestock production and microbial populations in the rumen can be affected by feed nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Feed protein will be degraded into peptides and amino acids and then fermented into ammonia which can be used to support microbial protein synthesis, while some amino acids will be converted into branched chain fatty acids which will be used as a carbon framework in microbial protein synthesis. In Indonesia, there are several plants that have the potential to be used as animal feed, including cassava leaves (Manihot esculanta), lamtoro leaves (Leucaena leuccocephala) and Indigofera zollingeriana leaves. These three plants have varied protein and amino acid content and are known as drought tolerant plants. This study aims to evaluate the quality of the protein found in the three types of leaves as a source of protein on the characteristics of fermentation and protein synthesis of microbes. Then determine the best plants that can support the growth of rumen bacteria. This study used a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 5 replications (groups). The treatment consisted of cassava leaves (P1, Pk 23%), lamtoro leaves (P2, PK 25.86%), indigofera leaves (P3, 27.76%) and concentrate (P4, PK 16.42%). Grouping is done based on the time of collection of different rumen fluid. The observed variables included total gas production, kinetics of gas production, rumen fermentability (rumen pH, NH3 concentration, total VFA and partial VFA), microbial protein synthesis (SPM), dry matter digestibility (KcBK), organic matter digestibility (KcBO), digestibility crude protein (KcPK), protozoa population and bacterial population. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the effect of the treatments and if there were significant differences then continued with Duncan's further test. Based on the analysis of variance, it was shown that feeding with different protein sources had a significant effect (P<0,05) on total gas production, kinetics of gas production, concentrations of NH3, total VFA, partial VFA, proportions of acetate propionate, methane, KcBK, KcBO and KcPK. However, it had no significant effect (P>0.05) on rumen pH, SPM, protozoa population and bacterial population. It can be concluded that the application of cassava leaves, lamtoro leaves and indigofera leaves gave good fermentation profiles, and Indigofera leaves were the best of the three tested leaves. This is shown in the high NH3 and VFA values thereby increasing the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter digestibility.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/116621
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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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