Analisis Keragaman dan Nilai Heritabilitas Populasi F3 Berbagai Persilangan Cabai Besar

Abstract

Cabai besar (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang banyak diminati di Indonesia. Namun, data menunjukkan ratarata produktivitas cabai besar di Indonesia masih belum maksimal. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis keragaman genetik, nilai heritabilitas, seleksi, dan kemajuan seleksi pada populasi F3 persilangan berbagai cabai besar. Penelitian dilakukan di kebun percobaan Leuwikopo IPB dan Laboratorium Genetika dan Pemuliaan Tanaman, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura IPB. Penelitian berlangsung dari bulan September 2021 hingga Maret 2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan lima populasi F3 persilangan cabai besar yaitu F3 317375-3, F3 375078-1, F3 375 x F6 074136-1, F3 374078-3, dan F3 074078-7, masing-masing ditanam sebanyak 60 tanaman. Pendugaan ragam lingkungan dilakukan melalui penanaman tiga populasi cabai besar yang homozigot homogen yaitu varietas Anies IPB, varietas Arisa IPB, dan galur murni IPB C074, masing-masing ditanam 60 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keragaman genetik yang bervariasi pada karakter tanaman dan antar populasi F3. Karakter umur berbunga, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, diameter buah, dan bobot per buah, memiliki nilai heritabilitas yang tinggi (0,51-0,81), sementara pada karakter umur panen, tinggi dikotomus, panjang buah, jumlah buah per tanaman, dan bobot buah per tanaman memiliki nilai heritabilitas yang rendah (0,20-0,48). Penelitian menunjukkan terdapat variasi nilai kemajuan seleksi karakter antar tanaman dan antar populasi F3.

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the most popular horticultural commodities in Indonesia. Howeres, the data shows that the average productivity of chillies is still not optimal. This problem can be overcome through plant breeding. This study aimed to analyse genetic variability, heritability value, selection, and genetic advance of the F3 populations of chilli. This research was conducted at the experimental field in Leuwikopo IPB, and at Genetic and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB. The research was done from September 2021 to March 2022. This research used five populations of F3 crossed chilli, such as F3 317375-3, F3 375078-1, F3 375 x F6 074136-1, F3 374078-3, and F3 074078-7. Each populations was plant 60 plants. Estimation of environmental variance was conducted by planting three homogeneous homozygous populations of chillies, there are the Anies IPB, Arisa IPB, and IPB C074 pure line, that contains 60 plants each populations. The results showed that there was variation in genetic diversity in plant characters and between F3 populations. Characters of flowering date, plant length, stem diameter, fruit diameter, and weight per fruit, showed high variability values (0,51-0,81), while the characters of harvesting date, dichotomous length, fruit length, number of fruits per plant, and weight of fruit per plant showed a low heritability values (0,20-0,48). The study showed that there were variations in the value of selection between plants and between F3 populations.