Sebaran Karang Keras Berdasarkan Kedalaman di Perairan Selat Lombok, Provinsi NTB

Abstract

Laut yang dimiliki Indonesia sangat luas dengan potensi sumberdaya yang besar harus dikelola dan dieksplorasi demi kepentingan rakyat Indonesia. Salah satu diantaranya adalah kekayaan dan keindahan terumbu karang. Terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem yang rentan dan dapat mengalami kerusakan akibat perubahan faktor lingkungan baik secara alami maupun ulah manusia. Salah satu penyusun ekosistem terumbu karang adalah karang keras. Pertumbuhan karang keras dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan yang menentukan bentuk adaptasi karang keras. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui jumlah dan sebaran genera karang keras berdasarkan kedalaman. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret - April 2021 dengan mengambil lokasi Selat Lombok yang tersebar di 5 kedalaman. Metode yang digunakan adalah Underwater Photo Transect dengan ukuran 1 x 1 meter. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan. Ditemukan total sebanyak 36 genera karang yang terdiri 21 genera di kedalaman 10 meter, 28 genera di kedalaman 20 meter 26 genera di kedalaman 30 meter,22 genera di kedalaman 40 meter, dan 16 genera di kedalaman 40 meter. Kedalaman mempengaruhi jumlah dan sebaran genera karang keras. Semakin dalam suatu perairan jumlah dan sebaran genus yang ditemukan semakin sedikit.

For the people's prosperity, Indonesia has a wide ocean with many great potential resources that must be managed and explored. The diversity of species and the beauty of coral reefs are two of them. Coral reefs are delicate ecosystems that can be harmed by natural and human-caused changes in the environment. Hard coral is an important component of coral reef ecosystems. The form of hard coral adaptation is determined by environmental conditions that influence the growth of hard corals. The goal of this research is to determine the quantity and distribution of hard coral genera depending on their depth of water occurrences. The research took place in the Lombok Straits from March to April 2021 at five different depths. A 1 x 1 metre Underwater Photo Transect was employed as the method. The findings revealed a total of 35 coral genera, with 21 genera found at a depth of ten meters and 28 genera found at a depth of twenty meters. At a depth of 30 meters, there are 26 genera, 22 genera at 40 meters, and 16 genera at 40 meters. The number and distribution of hard coral genera appeared to be influenced by water depth. The number and distribution of genera found decreases as you go deeper into the ocean.