Potensi Isolat Protein Tempe dalam Menanggulangi Stres Oksidatif pada Tikus Diabetes
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Date
2021-10-08Author
Rachmawati, Nikita Arsy
Wresdiyati, Tutik
Astawan, Made
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Show full item recordAbstract
Kondisi hiperglikemia pada penderita diabetes melitus (DM) menyebabkan
produksi radikal bebas berlebih. Radikal bebas tersebut dapat dihasilkan melalui
berbagai mekanisme seperti oksidasi lipid, jalur sorbitol, jalur heksoamin,
pembentukan advanced glycation end products (AGEs) dan lain-lain. Peningkatan
jumlah radikal bebas disertai dengan ketidakmampuan antioksidan dalam
menetralkannya menyebabkan terjadinya stres oksidatif. Kondisi tersebut dapat
menyebabkan komplikasi diabetes ataupun memperburuk kondisi DM itu sendiri.
Tempe telah banyak diteliti manfaatnya, baik dari kandungan zat-zat gizi
maupun non-gizinya. Sayangnya, tempe memiliki umur simpan yang relatif pendek
akibat kandungan air dan lemaknya yang tinggi. Inovasi untuk memperpanjang
daya simpan dan daya guna dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengolah tempe menjadi
isolat protein tempe (IPT). Pada penelitian ini dihasilkan dua jenis IPT, yaitu isolat
protein tempe dari kedelai non-germinasi (IPTN) dan dari kedelai germinasi (IPTG).
Selanjutnya, kemampuan IPTN dan IPTG dalam menanggulangi stres oksidatif
dibandingkan dengan isolat protein kedelai komersial (IPKK).
Pengujian in vivo dilakukan selama 28 hari dengan menggunakan tikus galur
Sprague-Dawley sebanyak 30 ekor yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok. Pemodelan
tikus DM dilakukan dengan menginduksi aloksan 110 mg/kg BB secara
intraperitoneal. IPKK, IPTN dan IPTG diberikan pada setiap kelompok tikus
masing-masing sebanyak 900 mg/kg BB dengan cara dicekok. Parameter yang
diukur adalah: perubahan berat badan, kadar glukosa darah, profil hematologi dan
biokimia serum, kadar malondialdehid (MDA), aktivitas enzim superoksida
dismutase (SOD) pada hati dan ginjal, serta profil kandungan antioksidan Cu,Zn SOD secara imunohistokimia pada organ pankreas, hati dan ginjal tikus percobaan.
Efek pemberian IPTN dan IPTG terbukti lebih baik dibandingkan IPKK
dalam menanggulangi stres oksidatif pada tikus model DM. Hasil tersebut dapat
dilihat pada parameter penurunan glukosa darah, penurunan kadar MDA pada
ginjal, serta aktivitas enzim SOD pada hati dan ginjal. Profil hematologi dan
biokimia serum tikus menunjukkan pemberian IPKK, IPTN dan IPTG mampu
menjaga nilai profil hematologi dan biokimia serum berada dalam rentang nilai
rujukan.
Diantara ketiga isolat yang diberikan, IPTN menunjukkan potensi yang paling
baik dalam menanggulangi stres oksidatif pada tikus DM. Hasil tersebut dapat
dilihat dari kemampuan IPTN dalam menjaga fluktuatif berat badan dan glukosa
darah, serta meningkatkan kandungan antioksidan Cu,Zn-SOD pada pankreas, hati
dan ginjal. Hasil tersebut dapat disebabkan oleh kandungan isoflavon, asam amino
insulinotropik serta kandungan mineral Zn pada IPTN. Hyperglycemia in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) causes excessive free
radical production. These free radicals are generated through various mechanisms
such as lipid oxidation, the sorbitol pathway, the hexoamine pathway, the formation
of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and others. The increased number of
free radicals along with the inability of the antioxidants in neutralising them results
in oxidative stress. These conditions can cause complications of diabetes or worsen
the condition of DM itself.
Tempe has been widely studied for its benefits, both from the content of
nutrients and non-nutritional substances. Unfortunately, tempeh has a relatively
short shelf life due to its high water and fat content. Innovations to extend shelf life
and usability can be done by processing tempeh into tempeh protein isolate. In this
study, two types of IPT were produced, namely isolates of tempeh protein from
non-germinated soybeans (IPTN) and from germinated soybeans (IPTG).
Furthermore, the ability of IPTN and IPTG in overcoming oxidative stress was
compared with commercial soybean protein isolate (IPKK).
In vivo testing was carried out for 28 days using 30 Sprague-Dawley rats
which were divided into 6 groups. DM rat modeling was done by inducing alloxan
110 mg/kg BW intraperitoneally. IPKK, IPTN dan IPTG given to each group of
rats was 900 mg/kg BW by gavage oral. The measured parameters consisted of
changes in body weight, blood glucose levels, profile of haematology and
biochemical serum, malondialdehid (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD)
enzyme activity in the liver and kidneys, also immunohistochemical profiles of
Cu,Zn-SOD antioxidants in pancreas, liver and kidney.
The effect of giving IPTN and IPTG proved to be better than IPKK in
overcoming oxidative stress in alloxan-induced DM rats. These results can be seen
through decreasing blood glucose, decreasing levels of MDA in the kidneys, also
increasing SOD enzyme activity in the liver and kidneys. The hematological
profiles and biochemical serum showed there was no significant difference (p>0.05)
given the IPKK, IPTN and IPTG. All three were able to keep haematological profile
and biochemical serum values within the reference value range.
Among the three isolates given, IPTN showed the best potential in
overcoming oxidative stress in DM rats. These results can be seen from the ability
of IPTN to maintain fluctuating body weight and blood glucose, as well as
increasing the antioxidant content of Cu, Zn-SOD in the pancreas, liver and kidneys.
These results can be caused by the content of isoflavones, insulinotropic amino
acids and the mineral content of Zn in IPTN.
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- MT - Agriculture Technology [2225]