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dc.contributor.advisorSukarno, Sukarno
dc.contributor.advisorBudijanto, Slamet
dc.contributor.advisorPrangdimurti, Endang
dc.contributor.authorHaryati, Sakinah
dc.date.accessioned2021-08-25T05:58:15Z
dc.date.available2021-08-25T05:58:15Z
dc.date.issued2021
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/108745
dc.descriptionDisertasi yang diupload hanya sampai daftar isi, karena ada chapter yangg belum dipublikasiid
dc.description.abstractAntioksidan merupakan suatu senyawa yang mampu mencegah terjadinya reaksi oksidasi. Salah satu sumber antioksidan yang saat ini banyak diteliti adalah peptida. Peptida hasil hidrolisis protein dilaporkan mempunyai kapasitas sebagai antioksidan yang cukup potensial. Beberapa penelitian in vitro menunjukkan bahwa hidrolisat protein ikan memiliki bioaktifitas sebagai agen antioksidan. Sumber antioksidan dari peptida ikan yang cukup potensial adalah ikan lele oversize atau ukuran besar (kurang dari 5 ekor/kg) yang pemanfaatannya belum optimal sebagai lele konsumsi. Salah satu cara memproduksi peptida bioaktif adalah dengan proses enzimatis. Penelitian ini bertujuan umum untuk memperoleh hidrolisat dari isolat protein daging ikan lele dengan kemampuan sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah mengkarakterisasi isolat protein ikan lele, mengevaluasi hidrolisat dari isolat protein daging ikan lele sebagai sumber potensial antioksidan, dan mengidentifikasi peptida antioksidan dari hidrolisat isolat protein ikan lele. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga tahap. Tahap pertama, adalah karakterisasi sifat fungsional isolat protein ikan lele (Clarias sp.). Produksi isolat protein dengan metode pergeseran pH (pH-shift) pada pH 11 untuk melarutkan protein dan pH 5,5 untuk pengendapan protein. Isolat protein yang dihasilkan dievaluasi kadar proksimat berupa kadar air, kadar protein, kadar lemak dan kadar abu, kandungan asam amino dan sifat fungsional protein. Tahap kedua, tentang karakterisasi dan sifat kapasitas antioksidan dari peptida bioaktif hasil hidrolisis isolat protein ikan lele. Hidrolisat protein ikan lele diperoleh dari hasil hidrolisis isolat protein ikan lele dengan enzim papain dan bromelin. Evaluasi dari hidrolisat protein ikan lele meliputi kondisi hidrolisis, dan kapasitasnya sebagai antioksidan dengan metode DPPH dan PFRAP. Tahap ketiga, adalah identifikasi peptida antioksidan dari hidrolisat isolat protein ikan lele. Hidrolisat dengan kapasitas antioksidan terpilih difiltrasi dengan membran 3 kDa dan selanjutnya dikarakterisasi peptidanya menggunakan Nano LC Ultimate 3000 series system Tandem Q Exactive Plus Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. Identifikasi peptida antioksidan pada peptida yang dihasilkan dilakukan berdasarkan database BIOPEP dan penelusuran literatur. Isolat protein ikan lele mengandung asam-asam amino kelompok hidrofobik dan aromatik sebagai asam amino potensi antioksidan. Isolat protein penelitian ini memenuhi standar FAO dengan kadar protein 90,46% (bk). Sifat fungsional isolat protein ikan lele yang dihasilkan memiliki kemampuan pembentuk gel pada konsentrasi 5%, penyerapan minyak 4,08 g/mL, penyerapan air 3,38 g/mL, Kapasitas emulsi 1,52 mL/mL dan stabil selama waktu pengamatan 90 menit, Kapasitas busa 0,89 mL/mL, dan 0,64 g/mL densitas kamba. Hidrolisat protein hasil hidrolisis isolat protein ikan dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan waktu hidrolisis. Perbedaan waktu hidrolisis berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai derajat hidrolisis dan kapasitas antioksidan oleh enzim papain dan bromelin, kecuali daya reduksi besi dengan enzim bromelin. Hidrolisis isolat protein ikan selama 30 menit oleh enzim papain dan bromelin menghasilkan hidrolisat protein dengan derajat hidrolisis, scavenging radikal DPPH, dan daya reduksi ion besi (PFRAP) masing-masing sebesar 37,77 ± 2,99% dan 48,82 ± 0,90%, 59,58 ± 0,05% (15,83 mg/L AEAC) dan 49,52 ± 6,01% (13,07 mg/L AEAC), dan 0,80 ± 0,02 dan 0,44 ± 0,06. Hidrolisat dengan waktu hidrolisis selama 30 menit dengan enzim papain dari hidrolisat isolat protein ikan memiliki kapasitas sebagai antioksidan. Selanjutnya hidrolisat tersebut diultrafiltrasi dengan membran ukuran 3 kDa. Hasil fraksinasi berdasarkan berat molekul, peptida dengan ukuran < 3 kDa menghasilkan kapasitas antioksidan berupa scavenging radikal DPPH dan daya reduksi ion besi (PFRAP) masing-masing sebesar 56,28 ± 0,003% (IC50 = 0,08 mg/mL) dan abs 700nm 0,32 ± 0,02 (14,98 mg/L AEAC). Identifikasi peptida dari hidrolisat protein lele ukuran molekul <3 kDa menunjukkan adanya kandungan peptida yang dominan berasal dari beta-aktin. Fraksi F1 <3 kDa memiliki potensi peptida antioksidan dengan adanya residu asam amino bermuatan positif dan negatif, hidrofobik, dan aromatik yang tersandikan pada sekuen peptida antioksidan pembanding. Bagian peptida potensi antioksidan yang dominan teridentifikasi pada sekuen peptida AGDDAR sebagai sekuen asam amino penciri antioksidan. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kesimpulan bahwa hidrolisat protein ikan lele hasil hidrolisis dengan enzim papain merupakan peptida bioaktif yang memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai informasi dasar yang diperlukan untuk pengembangan hidrolisat protein ikan lele sebagai ingredien pangan fungsional alternatif di masa depan.id
dc.description.abstractAntioxidants are compounds that can prevent oxidation reactions. One of the sources of antioxidants that are currently being researched is peptides. Peptides from protein hydrolysis are reported to have potential antioxidant activity. Several in vitro studies have shown that fish protein hydrolysate has bioactivity as an antioxidant agent. Potential sources of antioxidants from fish peptides are catfish or large size (less than 5 fish/kg) whose utilization is not optimal as consumption catfish. One of the ways to produce bioactive peptides is an enzymatic process. The general aim of this study was to obtain hydrolysates from catfish meat protein isolates with the ability as antioxidants. The specific objectives of this study were to characterize catfish protein isolates, evaluate the hydrolysates of catfish meat protein isolates as potential sources of antioxidants, and identify of antioxidant peptides from catfish meat protein hydrolysates. The research consisted of three stages. The first stage was characterization of the functional properties of catfish (Clarias sp.) protein isolates. Production of protein isolates by the pH shift method (pH-shiff) at pH 11 to dissolve protein and pH 5.5 for protein deposition. The protein isolates produced were evaluated for proximate levels in the form of water content, protein content, fat content and ash content, amino acid content and protein functional properties. The second stage, about the characterization and properties of the antioxidant capacity of the bioactive peptides from the hydrolysis of catfish protein isolates. Catfish protein hydrolysate was obtained from the hydrolysis of catfish protein isolates using papain and bromelain enzymes. Evaluation of catfish protein hydrolysate includes hydrolysis conditions, and its capacity as antioxidants using the DPPH and PFRAP methods. The third stage, was the investigation of antioxidants peptides from catfish protein hydrolysates. Hydrolysates with selected antioxidant capacities were filtered with a 3 kDa membrane and then characterized for peptides using the Nano LC Ultimate 3000 series system Tandem Q Exactive Plus Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. The identification of antioxidant potential peptides in the resulting peptides was done based on the BIOPEP database and literature searches. Catfish protein isolate contains antioxidant stimulant amino acids. The protein isolate in this study met FAO standards with a protein content of 90.46% (bk) and a fat content of 0.56% (bk). The functional properties of catfish protein isolates produced have the ability to form gelling at a concentration of 5%, oil absorption 4.08 g/mL, water absorption 3.38 g/mL, emulsion capacity and stability of 1.52 mL/mL and are stable during the observation time. 90 minutes, foam capacity 0.89 mL/mL, and 0.64 g/mL kamba density. The protein hydrolysis resulted from the hydrolysis of fish protein isolates was influenced by the difference in hydrolysis time. The difference in hydrolysis time had a significant effect on the value of the degree of hydrolysis and antioxidant capacity by papain and bromelain enzymes, except for the reduction of iron with bromelain enzymes. The hydrolysis of fish protein isolates for 30 minutes by papain and bromelain enzymes produced protein hydrolysates with the degree of hydrolysis, DPPH radical scavenging, and iron ion reduction power (PFRAP), respectively 37.77 ± 2.99% and 48.82 ± 0.90%, 59.58 ± 0.05% (15.83 mg/L AEAC) and 49.52 ± 6.01% (13.07 mg/L AEAC), and abs. 700nm 0.80 ± 0.02 and 0.44 ± 0.06. The hydrolysis time of 30 minutes with the papain enzyme from fish protein hydrolysate was quite effective for its capacity as an antioxidant. Fractionation results based on molecular weight, peptides with a size <3 kDa produced a percentage of antioxidant capacity in the form of DPPH radical scavenging and iron ion reduction power (PFRAP) respectively 56.28 ± 0.003% (IC50 = 5.75 mg/mL) and abs. 700nm 0.32 ± 0.02 (14.98 mg/L AEAC). The peptide identification from catfish protein hydrolysate molecular size <3 kDa indicated the presence of peptide content which was predominantly derived from β-actin. The F1 <3 kDa fraction has the potential for antioxidant peptides in the presence of positively and negatively charged, hydrophobic, and aromatic amino acid residues encoded in the comparator antioxidant peptide sequence. The dominant portion of peptide antioxidant potential was identified in the peptide sequence as the characteristic antioxidant amino acid sequence. The results of this study provide the conclusion that the catfish protein hydrolysis with the enzyme papain is a bioactive peptide that has potential as an antioxidant. This research can be used as basic information needed for the development of catfish protein hydrolysate as a future functional food.id
dc.description.sponsorshipBUDI-DNid
dc.language.isoidid
dc.publisherIPB Universityid
dc.titleKajian Sifat Fungsional Isolat dan Kapasitas Antioksidan Hidrolisat Isolat Protein Ikan Leleid
dc.title.alternativeStudy of Functional Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Catfish Protein Isolate Hydrolysateid
dc.typeDissertationid
dc.subject.keywordantioxidantsid
dc.subject.keywordbioactiveid
dc.subject.keywordcatfishid
dc.subject.keywordpeptidesid
dc.subject.keywordpapainid
dc.subject.keywordbromelainid


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