Struktur Komunitas dan Distribusi Makrozoobentos di Perairan Pantai Bojonegara, Teluk Banten

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui struktur komunitas dan distribusi makrozoobentos di perairan pantai Bojonegara, Teluk Banten. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama lima bulan pada bulan Januari, Februari, Agustus, September dan Oktober 2020 di enam titik stasiun. Pengambilan sampel makrozoobentos dilakukan menggunakan Van Veen Grab, sedangkan pengambilan data parameter fisik kimia perairan dilakukan secara in-situ dan eks- situ. Struktur komunitas makrozoobentos didapatkan melalui analisis kepadatan, komposisi jenis, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman dan indeks dominansi. Hubungan makrozoobentos dengan lingkungan dianalisis menggunakan PCA dan indeks similaritas. Makrozoobentos yang diperoleh selama penelitian terdiri dari 6 filum (Moluska, Annelida, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Nematoda, dan Sipuncula), 8 kelas dan 77 genera, di antaranya Bivalvia (18) , Gastropoda (37), Polychaeta (12), Malacostraca (4), Echinoidea (2), dan masing- masing 1 genera untuk Chromadorea, Scapopoda, dan Sipunculidea. Kelas Bivalvia dan Gastropoda merupakan jenis makrozoobentos yang ditemukan di seluruh stasiun. Analisis Komponen Utama (PCA) menunjukkan adanya korelasi positif antara Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Sipunculidea dengan parameter kecerahan dan salinitas. Echinoidea dan Scapopoda dipengaruhi oleh parameter suhu, sedangkan Polychaeta, Malacostraca dan Chromadorea dipengaruhi oleh parameter pH.

The study aims to determine the community structure and distribution of macrozoobenthos in the coastal waters of Bojonegara, Banten Bay. The study was conducted for five months in January, February, August, September and October 2020 on six stations. Macrozoobenthos sampling was carried out using Van Veen Grab, while the physical and chemical parameters of the waters were observed in situ and ex-situ. The community structure of macrozoobenthos was obtained by analyzing the density, species composition, diversity index, evenness index and dominance index. The relationship of macrozoobenthos with the environment was analyzed using PCA and the similarity index. The results of the study showing that there were 6 phyla belong to macrozoobenthos (Molluscs, Annelids, Arthropods, Echinoderms, Nematodes, and Sipuncula), 8 classes and 77 genera, namely; Bivalvia (18), Gastropoda (37), Polychaeta (12), Malacostraca (4), Echinoidea (2), and respectively 1 genus for Chromadorea, Scapopoda, and Sipunculidea. The class of Bivalvia and Gastropoda were types of macrozoobenthos that mostly found at all stations. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed a positive correlation between Bivalves, Gastropods, Sipunculidea with transparency and salinity parameters. Echinoidea and Scapopoda were influenced by temperature parameters, while, Polychaeta, Malacostraca and Chromadorea were influenced by pH parameters.