Konsumsi Pangan dan Seng, serta Determinan Status Seng Ibu Hamil di Kecamatan Leuwiliang dan Cibungbulang, Kabupaten Bogor

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to analyze zinc status, nutrient dietary quality, zinc content, zinc intake, determinant of zinc status and implications for preventing zinc deficiency among pregnant women living in Leuwiliang and Cibungbulang sub-districts, district of Bogor. The research used base line data of 252 pregnant women from previous study entitled "Effect of Multi-nutrients Fortificated Food Supplement for Pregnant Women and Child Growth and Development in Leuwiliang and Cibungbulang". Additional data collected were local food potency, zinc content of 17 foods, and formal and nonformal local leaders opinion on future institution programs related to nutrition and health. Logistic regression was applied for determinants analysis. Results show that zinc serum level was 0.9 _+ 0.4 mg/l. The prevalence of zinc deficiency was 21.8%. Food intake of pregnant women was very low (30.8% of suggested serving). Zinc content of food ranged from 0.2 mg (fried tempeh) to 22.9 mg (local snail) per 100 g of the dried foods. Zinc intake was 6.3 mg/day, it was similar to 32.8% recommended dietary allowance (RDA). The subjects who had zinc intake lower than it's RDA (19.3 mgiday) were 99.2%. Zinc intake from cereal was highest (45.4% of total daily zinc intake). While the lowest intake came from coffee and tea served as drink (0.1% of total daily zinc intake). The determinant of zinc status was household income. This study suggests that increasing legume (tempeh, tofu) and animal (meat, snail, fish, egg) food product intake; preventing infectious illness; and increasing household income are important for preventing zinc deficiency. Based on the focus group discussion with local leaders, appropriate program to address the above problems are improving food intake and environmental sanitation through nutrition and health extension; promoting snail culture and intake; promoting intake of meat; fish and egg; and empowering women.