Faculty of Animal Science

Effects of nitrates and nitrites on the depletion of liver vitamin A stores and carotens utilization in growing-finishing pigs

1966-01-01T00:00:00Z

Effects of nitrates and nitrites on the depletion of liver vitamin A stores and carotens utilization in growing-finishing pigs Hutagalung, Rudy I. Three trials were conducted using one hundred thirty Hampshire, Yorkshire and Hampshire x Yorkshire pigs to study the effects of nitrates (KNO3) and nitrites (KNO2) in rations on the depletion of liver vitamin A stores and the utilization of carotene in growing-finishing pigs. In Trial I, 50 Yorkshire x Hampshire pigs were allotted to five ration treatments to study the effects of nitrates and nitrites on the depletion of liver vitamin A stores. Prior to the start of the trial the pigs were fed a balanced ration receiving supplemental vitamin A until they reached an average weight of 100 pounds. In Trial II and III, 80 Hampshine and Yorkshire pigs were assigned to five ration treatments to study the effects of nitrates and nitrites, respectively, on the utilization of carotene in growing-finishing pigs. The sources of vitamin A activity for both trials were beta-carotene (3,300 I.U./kg.) for Treatments 1 through 4 and vitamin A palmitate (1,100 I.U./kg.) for Treatment 5. Criteria used to evaluate the experiments were liver vitamin A values (mcg./gm.), plasma vitamin A values (mcg./100 ml.), methemoglobin (gm./100 ml.), hemoglobin (gm./100 ml.), hematocrit (per cent) and the performance (lb.). The feeding of 3% nitrate or 0.3% nitrite significantly (P <.01) depressed gains with or without vitamin A and carotene supplementation. Neither nitrate nor nitrite showed a significant effect on liver vitamin A stores, plasma vitamin A and methemoglobin, regardless of vitamin A source fed. The addition of 3% nitrate to the diet of pigs receiving supplemental carotene or vitamin A did not effect liver vitamin A stores, plasma vitamin A and methemoglobin levels. Plasma vitamin A levels were signifi- cantly reduced (P<.05) by the feeding of 0.3% nitrite receiving either supplemental carotene or vitamin A. Ration containing 0.3% nitrite with vitamin A or carotene supplementation significantly increased (P <.01) methemoglobin values. Nitrate (3% NO3) or nitrite (0.3% NO₂) fed to pigs receiving supplemental vitamin A tended to show a faster depletion rate of liver vitamin A stores and a reduction of plasma vitamin A when compared to nitrate or nitrite-fed pigs receiving supplemental carotene. Hemoglobin and hematocrit remained relatively consistent for the entire trials.

Growth Performance and Production of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide in Excreta of Broiler Chickens Fed Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Flour in Feed

2015-01-01T00:00:00Z

Growth Performance and Production of Ammonia and Hydrogen Sulfide in Excreta of Broiler Chickens Fed Basil (Ocimum basilicum) Flour in Feed Ulupi, Niken; Salundik; Margisuci, Dwi; Hidayatun, Rini; Sugiarto, Bagus The aim of this study was to determine the effect of basil flour in feed on the growth performance and production of NH3 and H2S in excreta of broiler chickens. The study was arranged in a completely randomized design. The treatment levels of basil flour in commercial feed consisted of 4 levels: 0, 1, 2 and 3% (P0, P1, P2, P3). A total of 128 day old commercial broiler chicks were reared until 5 weeks of age in 4 groups. Each group was reared in individual pens measuring 2x3 m2. Data of performance were statistically analyzed, while data of NH3 and H2S production were analyzed descriptively. No significant differences (p>0.05) were detected in terms of feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and final body weight among various treatment groups. Highest body weight gain of 1481.7 g was achieved in the group fed 2% basil flour in feed (P2). Mortality (3.12%) was observed only in the group fed diets without basil flour (P0). NH3 production in P1, P2, P3 were lower than P0, whereas H2S production was otherwise with highest production of 1.37 ppm in P3. In conclusion, addition of basil flour in the feed of broiler chickens doesn’t improve growth performance and NH3 and H2S production in excreta were well below the safe threshold level recommended for chicken health and environment.

The Response of Local and Verenigde Deutch Lanvarken Pigs to Corypha gebanga Feeding Supplementation

2014-01-01T00:00:00Z

The Response of Local and Verenigde Deutch Lanvarken Pigs to Corypha gebanga Feeding Supplementation Fuah, Asnath Maria; Pattie, William Arthur Study to examine the growth of local breed pigs and Verenigde Deutsch Lanvarken(VDL) pigs supplemented with Corypha gebanga pith and maize have been conducted for 14 weeks. A total of 32 neutered pigs (16 local breed and 16 VDL pigs) were used in the study. The average initial live weight was 8.0 kg for the local breed and 12.1 kg for VDL pigs. Four feeding treatments were applied: T1-60% C.gebanga +15% maize; T2- 65% C.gebanga + 10% maize; T3-70% C.gebanga + 5% maize; and T4- 75% C.gebanga + no maize, respectively. Live weights and feed consumption were analyzed using repeated measures, analysis of variance. The results showed that feed supplemented with different composition of C.gebanga and maizehad no effect towards the growth of local breed pigs. However, this phenomenon was not seen in VDL pigs. The growth of VDL pigs supplemented with 75% was significantly lower (P<0.01) compared to the local breed pigs. It can be concluded that substitution of maize with C.gebanga has no influence towards the growth of local breed pigs. However, its effects on the growth of VDL pigs need further observation.

Pemanfaatan Karakteristik Tingkah Laku dalam Pendugaan Jarak Genetik antar Rumpun Domba

2014-01-01T00:00:00Z

Pemanfaatan Karakteristik Tingkah Laku dalam Pendugaan Jarak Genetik antar Rumpun Domba Handiwirawan E; Noor RR; Sumantri C; Subandriyo Informasi mengenai penduga jarak genetik dan perbedaan rumpun domba sangat diperlukan dalam program persilangan antar rumpun dan program pelestarian. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mempelajari pemanfaatan peubah karakteristik tingkah laku untuk pembedaan dan pendugaan jarak genetik antar rumpun domba. Penelitian dilakukan di Kandang Percobaan Domba Balai Penelitian Ternak Cilebut dan Bogor. Lima rumpun domba yang digunakan adalah domba Barbados Black Belly Cross (BC), Komposit Garut (KG), Lokal Garut (LG), Komposit Sumatera (KS) dan St. Croix Cross (SC), dengan jumlah sampel 50 ekor. Sebanyak 10 peubah sifat tingkah laku diamati dalam penelitian ini. Analisis ragam dan pengujian signifikansi untuk pembandingan peubah sifat tingkah laku antar rumpun domba dilakukan menggunakan PROC GLM dari Program SAS ver 9.0. PROC CANDISC, digunakan untuk analisis diskriminan kanonikal, hierarchical clustering dilaksanakan dengan PROC CLUSTER menurut Metode Average Linkage (Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages, UPGMA), dan dendogram untuk kelima rumpun domba dibuat dengan PROC TREE. Peubah pembeda rumpun untuk sifat tingkah laku adalah lama berdiri dan lama makan. Plotting canonical berdasarkan sifat tingkah laku dapat membedakan domba BC, KS dan LG (bersama KG dan SC). Pendugaan jarak genetik berdasarkan karakteristik sifat tingkah laku menghasilkan pengelompokkan rumpun domba yang kurang akurat.