Design of Stocking Density of Broilers for Closed House in Wet Tropical Climates

Abstract

The objectives of this research were to: 1) design the stocking density of broiler reared at a closed house system in wet tropical climates based on the heat released by broiler, 2) design broiler harvesting system based on the housing heat load, and 3) design required housing area based on the broiler age. The housing design used to determine the broiler stocking density was based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with Solid Works Flow Simulation software. The method had good validation shown by small number of average percentage of deviation (6.07%). Simulation was carried out by changing the number of broilers i.e. 16, 18, 20, 21 and 22 birds/m2. According to the CFD simulation result, total heat load inside the house was 233.33 kW at 21 birds/m2 at weight 1.65 kg/bird. At that stocking density the housing can be occupied by 27,224 birds until 22 days of age. The highest total weight was produced by daily harvesting started from 22 to 32 d. It can be concluded that the stocking density of closed house for broiler is 34.65 kg/m2, total production is 45,717 kg per period and the required area for 27,224 broilers is 248.63 m2 (1 to 7 days of age broiler), 562.52 m2 (8 to 14 days of age broiler) and 1,000 m2 (15 to 22 days of age broiler)

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendesain kepadatan ayam broiler pada kandang sistem tertutup di daerah beriklim tropika basah berdasarkan panas yang dikeluarkan ayam broiler, mendesain pemanenan ayam broiler berdasarkan beban panas kandang dan mendesain kebutuhan luas kandang menurut umur ayam. Desain kandang yang digunakan untuk menentukan kepadatan ayam broiler pada Computational Fluid Dyanamics (CFD) dengan software Solidworks Flow Simulation memiliki tingkat validasi cukup baik dengan nilai rataan persentase deviasi cukup rendah (6,07%). Simulasi dilakukan pada saat ayam broiler mendekati panen (umur 30 hari, bobot 1,65 kg) dengan cara mengubah jumlah ayam broiler yaitu 16, 18, 20, 21, dan 22 ekor/m2. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi menggunakan CFD (luas kandang 1.000 m2) diperoleh total panas ayam broiler sebesar 233,33 KW dengan kepadatan 21 ekor/m2 pada bobot badan 1,65 kg/ekor. Pada tingkat kepadatan tersebut, sampai umur 22 hari dapat diisi 27.224 ekor ayam broiler dan menghasilkan total bobot panen tertinggi apabila dipanen setiap hari dari umur 22 sampai 32 hari. Dengan demikian diperoleh tingkat kepadatan ayam broiler 34,65 kg/m2, total bobot panen 45.717 kg dan luas kandang yang dibutuhkan adalah 248,63 m2 (umur ayam 1 sampai 7 hari), 562,52 m2 (umur ayam 8 sampai 14 hari) dan 1.000 m2 (umur ayam 15 sampai 22 hari).