| dc.description.abstract | Conversion of forest land to agriculture land without adequate soil and water conservation has resulted in increasing soil erosion and decreasing land productivity. Forest conversion to Mulberry based farming systems in Lawo watershed with inadequate soil and water conservation has increased the frequency and intensity of floods, decreased production of Mulberry leaves, and increased the extent of degraded land. The aim of this study were to (1) analyze the biophysical characteristics of Lawo Watershed for developingMulberry based farming systems, including evaluation of appropriateness of land capability with land user using USDA method and erosion prediction using USLE method; 2) analyze and develop sustainable Mulberry based farming system with characterized by the increasing farmer’s income that can support life wartheel living standard, using descriptive method of calculation; (3) develop optimal and sustainable mulberry based farming systems in Lawo watershed using multiple goal program method.. The results showed that Lawo watershed consists of 25 land unit (LU) with land capability class of class III, IV, and VI. The constraint factors for agriculture development are moderate to steep slope (l) and moderate erosion (e). Land characteristics in Lawo watershed is suitable for developing the mulberry (Morus sp) based farming systems. The type of mulberry based farming systems consists of monoculture farming system with 10 time harvest year-1 (M1), monoculture farming system with 6 harvesting time year-1 (M2), irregular-multi crop mulberry farming system mixed with other crop such as banana (M3), and mulberry farming system with cocoa (M-C). Results of the study showed that M1 plot has the lower run off and erosion (run off = 10.2 mm , 10.1 % from total rainfall and erosion = 0.3 ton ha-1). Run off and erosion from all Mulberry based farming system are lower than that from corn agriculture plot (run off = 33.3 mm, CA= 28.7%, dan erosion = 1.4 ton ha-1). The average size of Mulberry based farming systems in Lawo Watershed is one ha per farmer, the average size of household is 4 person per household, and the worthed living standard is Rp 28 350 000 ha-1kk-1year-1. Mulberry based farming system which were carried out by farmers were not sustainable because their income Rp 4 094 600 - 11 594 000 kk-1tahun-1 were only lower than worthed living standard and its erosion 53 ton ha-1 - 318.9 ton ha-1 were greater than tolerable erosion of 36.9 ton ha-1 - 43 ton ha-1. Therefore, the existing farming systems should be improved. The analysis showed that sustainable Mulberry based farming systems in Lawo Watershed can be achieved by fertilizer application both in-organic and organic fertilizer. The combination of fertilizer from caterpillar waste amounted to 1 kg plant-1 + 20 g TSP and KCl with soil application of 6 ton ha-1 rice straw mulch for slope less than 6% and grassed ridge terrace should be constructed on land with slope 12 - 18%. To increase farmer’s income, the Mulberry based farming system should also raise Goat (PE) at least 5 goats per year. The multiple goal program analysis showed that the optimal and sustainable mulberry based farming systems in Lawo Watershed is farming system type M2 in area of one ha with application of fertilizer, agrotechnology of grassed ridge terrace , and 6 ton ha-1 of rice straw mulch, combined with Goat and equiped with yarn pinning home industry. The application of this agrotechnologies are acceptable and replicable by farmers. Predicted erosion of this system is 15.5 – 36 ton-1 ha-1 year-1 (16–63% lower than local tolerable erosion), and income increased up to Rp 31 832 000 – Rp 38 525 000 kk-1 year-1(12 – 36% higher than worthed living standard). Analysis result using decision tool showed that land unit number 1 and 13 are suitable for M1, while land unit number 10,11,12, 14, 15, 16 and 17 are suitable for M2. Every farming system is carried out by application of agrotechnologies scenario 2 (SA2). Land use in land unit number 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9 are allocated for forest, while land unit number 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24 and 25 are allocated for primary agriculture as Perda No. 8 year 2012 of Soppeng Regency concering Land Use Planning of Soppeng Regency (RTRWK). | id |
