Determinant of junior secondary school enrollment rate in West Java
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Date
2013Author
Khairunnisa
Hartoyo, Sri
Anggraeni, Lukytawati
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Human development can be interpreted as the expansion of people's access to education, health and income. It becomes an international’s concern on education implemented in Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Related to basic education, MDGs targeted by the end of 2015 that all boys and girls in the whole world,aged 7–15 years old, will have the access to 9-year basic education. In 2011, BPS (Statistics Indonesia) noted that West Java Province is the province with the lowest enrollment rate in all level of education, including junior secondary school level, whichis equal to 85.69%. Although its school operational grant (Bantuan Operasional Sekolah–BOS) allocation from the government is the highest among other province in Java island. On the other hand, West Java has become agent of development in national growth. It has the biggest population andwas the third largest contributor to GDP in Indonesia in 2011. Therefore, this study aims to provide an overview of West Java’s junior secondary school enrollment rate improvement and to see the determinant factors for it. The data used in this study taken from Statistics Indonesia (BPS), Ministry of National Education and other sources between 2007–2011period of time. Itcovers school enrollment for 13–15 years of age, the allocation of school operational grant (BOS), the poverty rate, GDP per capita, and students per school ratio. Social factors, such as the percentage of household heads with high schooleducation level and working 13–15 years old children, are processed using SUSENAS data between 2007–2011 period of time. This study uses derived analysis and regression analysis of panel data. In 2007, West Java enrollment rate up to 80.36% and increased to 85.69% in 2011. Based on the proportions of gender, since 2009, the percentage of girls enrolled in school is higher than boys. The result of panel data regression indicates that GDP per capita and education level of the household head has a positive effect on increasing the enrollment rate. While the variable students per school ratio, poverty and working 13–15 years old childrenhas a negative affect. This study suggests,in order to improve the enrollment rate, West Java Government should increase local revenue to enablethe people to have sufficient income for attending school, especially for the poor. The government is also expected to increase the education budget that can be used for the availability of schools.
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