The tea parasite (Scurrula oortiana) extract as immunomodulator and antitumor on the infection of marek’s disease virus (MDV) serotype 1 oncogenic in chicken

Abstract

Marek’s disease virus (MDV) is one of oncogenic herpesvirus which has a DNA as nucleic acid. It causes immunosupresion and cancer in chicken. This study was aimed to find out the mechanism of Marek’s disease in layer commercial chickens which administered orally with extract of tea parasite (Scurrula oortiana) in dose of10 mg/kg bw through drinking water, then the chickens were infected by intraperitoneal oncogenic MDV in dose 1,0 x103 TCID50. The study used 60 layer commercial day old chicks (DOC) divided into four group of treatments. The treatments were group A (administered S. oortiana extract and without MDV infection), B (neither S. oortiana nor MDV infection), C(administered S. oortiana extract and whith MDV infection), and D (none administered S. oortiana extract, but whith MDV infection). This study was conducted for 60 days. The analysis showed that MDV oncogenic caused immunosupresion at day post infection (p.i) and recovery to be normal based on relative weight of bursa of Fabricius and thymus, and also diameter of the bursa of Fabricius follicle at 40 of post infection. Moreover, the MDV caused cancer at day 20 of post infection. and increased pathogensity based on the amount of the proventriculus limphocyte, and pathogenesis of liver cancers at day 40 of post infection. The extract of S. oortiana had a capability as an immunomodulator as indicated by the increase of relative weight of bursa of Fabricius and thymus at day 20 of post infection. and the increase of diameter of bursa of Fabricius follicle at day 40 of post infection. . Its effect on nonspesific immunity was indicated with the increase of inducible nitric oxyde shynthase (iNOS) enzyme at 20 of day p.i. Its effect on the humoral immunity was indicated with the increase of antibody titre against MDV at day 20 of post infection. The special property of S. oortiana extract as antivirus was indicated by the inhibition the MDV development on the bursa of Fabricius at day 20 of post infection. The extract also decrease the amount of lymphocyte of submucous proventriculus and liver pathogenesis at day 40 of post infection.

Ayam dalam kondisi normal memproduksi radikal bebas (prooksidan) sebagai proses fisiologis yang seimbang dengan antioksidan endogen yang tersedia. Infeksi Marek’s disease virus(MDV) onkogenik pada ayam diawali sitolisis pada limfosit B dan limfosit T, ayam memberikan responss imun yang didahului oleh responss imun nonspesifik, yaitu fagositosis oleh mekrofag dan neutrofil yang menghasilkan bahan penghancur mikroorganisme patogen berupa peningkatan produksi radikal bebas yang memiliki efek samping, yaitu kerusakan molekulmolekul pada sel sehingga menimbulkan sitolisis termasuk pada limfosit B dan limfosit T. Radikal bebas merupakan bahan karsinogen yang menimbulkan mutasi gen sehingga dapat menginduksi terjadinya kanker. Virus penyebab tumor disebut virus onkogen dan gen yang ada pada virus disebut viral oncogen (V-onc) yang homolog dengan sekuen DNA pada gen seluler inang, yaitu proto oncogen (C-onc) yang dapat berinteraksi dengan gen virus. Terjadinya transformasi pada gen seluler inang oleh gen virus bergantung pada resistensi seluler inang, virulensi virus penyebab, dan kehadiran substansi kimia penyebab tumor, yaitu bahan karsinogen yang menginduksi terjadinya mutasi. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh ekstrak benalu teh Scurrula oortiana terhadap fenomena imunologis dan risiko kanker pada ayam yang diinfeksi virusherpes MDV onkogenik, sedangkan secara khusus tujuan penelitian ini adalah: pembuktian secara ilmiah khasiat eksstrak S. oortiana sebagai imunomodulator dan mengurangi risiko kanker, menggunakan parameter imunologi. Menjadikan benalu teh S. oortiana sebagai obat herbal berstandar.