Karakterisasi fenotipik dan genetik sifat-sifat produksi dan reproduksi itik pegagan

Abstract

The aim of this study is to describe the genetic and phenotypic traits that crucial for breed characteristics identification. The research conducted using explorative method. 500 eggs Pegagan duck collecting hatching-eggs which obtain from; subdistrict Tanjung Raja. Inderalaya and Pemulutan, OI Regency of South Sumatera. They were hatched to obtain founder stock (G0). Egg produced from the G0 then hatched to obtain first generation (F1) ducks. Mating design was one malt mated to 4 female ducks. The polimorphism genotype identification of pegagan duck was studied through blood protein polimorphism analyses between Pegagan, Mojosari and Alabio ducks. Observed Protein were; albumin (Alb) post albumin (Pa), transferin (Tf), post transferin-1 (Ptf-1) and post transferin 2 (Ptf-2). They were analysed using PAGE (Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis) Method. Result shows that egg weight 65 grams, eggshell colour of pegagan duck is bluish-green, the egg fertility of G0 and F1 (60% and 89%), the hatchability for G0 and F1 (53% and 59%). Weight of hatching egg G0 and F1 (36,37+3,39 and 37+3,47). The phenotype characteristics of pegagan duck were spherical and flat body shape, standing conformity tends to 45o, feather colour on female duck were brownish-black. Onto the wing there were blue-flash darkened feathers. Feather colour on drake were greyish and onto head, neck, wing and tail were blue-flash darkened feathers. The color of the beak and foot were blackish-browned. Reproduction parts between the G0 and F1 show no large difference descriptively.

Itik Pegagan sebagai itik lokal Sumatera Selatan merupakan salah satu sumber genetik ternak atau kekayaan hayati lokal Indonesia, yang perlu dilestarikan dan dikembangkan. Sejauh ini data ilmiah mengenai itik Pegagan sebagai sumber plasma nutfah relatif masih sedikit dibandingkan ternak itik lokal lainnya, sehingga perlu diupayakan pelestarian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari dan mengidentifikasi karakteristik fenotip dan genetik itik Pegagan sebagai langkah awal untuk meningkatkan produktivitasnya. Penelitian diawali dengan mengumpulkan telur tetas itik Pegagan sebanyak 500 butir yang didapat dari tiga tempat penelitian yaitu kecamatan Tanjung Raja, Inderalaya dan Pemulutan Kabupaten Ogan Ilir Sumatera Selatan. Telur ditetaskan untuk mendapatkan tetua (G0). Telur yang dihasilkan oleh G0 ditetaskan untuk mendapatkan generasi pertama (F1). Pola perkawinan yang dilakukan adalah setiap pejantan mengawini sebanyak 4 ekor betina.