Pengaruh Penambahan FABA dan Lignit dalam Kompos terhadap Sifat Kimia dan Pertumbuhan Nanas (Ananas comosus) pada Ultisol

Abstract

Degradasi pada Ultisol disebabkan oleh kegiatan monokultur secara terus-menerus dicirikan dengan pH, kadar bahan organik, dan unsur hara rendah, serta kadar aluminium yang tinggi. Untuk mengatasi degradasi Ultisol demikian, digunakan amelioran berupa kompos. Namun, penggunaan kompos sebagai amelioran belum mendapatkan hasil yang optimal terhadap peningkatan kualitas Ultisol. Kompos kurang dalam menyediakan unsur hara, sehingga diperlukan penambahan fly ash dan bottom ash (FABA) maupun lignit dalam kompos. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan FABA dan lignit dalam kompos untuk memperbaiki kualitas Ultisol yang ditanami nanas, serta mengetahui pengaruh penambahan FABA dan lignit dalam kompos terhadap pertumbuhan serta kadar hara dalam daun nanas. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini disusun menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan petak utama adalah teknik aplikasi palir (P) dan tebar (T) serta anak petak adalah kompos 100% (K), kompos 75%+FABA 25% (KF), dan kompos 70%+FABA 20%+ lignit 10% (KFL). Perbandingan fly ash dan bottom ash adalah 6:1, serta bottom ash dan lignit telah lolos ayakan 1 cm. Amelioran diberikan dengan dosis 50 ton ha-1. Tanaman uji yang digunakan adalah bibit nanas klon GP3 sucker kelas besar dan dilaksanakan di blok 86-A kebun PT. Great Giant Pineapple. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan FABA dan lignit dalam kompos meningkatkan pH, karbon organik, kejenuhan basa, kalsium-, magnesium-, natrium-dapat dipertukarkan, dan seng serta menurunkan kadar aluminium dapat dipertukarkan pada Ultisol. Penambahan FABA dan lignit dalam kompos juga meningkatkan kadar kalsium, belerang, dan seng dalam daun. Disamping itu, penambahan FABA dalam kompos meningkatkan D-leaf index tanaman nanas. Pemberian amelioran lebih efektif jika diaplikasikan secara palir dibandingkan dengan tebar. Penggunaan FABA dalam kompos sebagai amelioran diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas Ultisol terdegradasi dan produktivitas tanaman serta mengurangi dosis kompos yang digunakan pada tanaman nanas.

Degradation of Ultisol is caused by continuous monoculture activities and is characterized by low pH, organic matter, nutrient content, and high aluminium contents. In response to such Ultisol degradation, ameliorants in the form of compost are used. However, using compost as an ameliorant has yet to obtain optimal results toward improving the Ultisol quality. The lack of ability of compost to supply nutrients is because the nutrients in compost are easily lost due to leaching, so it is necessary to add coal ash consisting of fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) also lignite in compost. This study aimed to determine the effect of compost-enriched with FABA and Lignite to improve the Ultisol's quality planted with pineapple and also on its growth and nutrient levels in the leaves. The treatments in this study were arranged using a split plots design in a randomized block design, with the main plot being the application technique of row (P) and spread (T). The subplots were 100% compost (K), 75% compost + 25% FABA (KF), and 70% compost + 20% FABA + 10% lignite (KFL). The ratio of fly ash and bottom ash was 6:1, and bottom ash and lignite had passed a 1 cm sieve. Ameliorants were applied at a dose of 50 tons ha-1. The test plants used were pineapple seedlings of large class clones GP-3 sucker and were carried out in block 86-A Great Giant Pineapple Company. The results of this study indicate that compost-enriched with FABA and lignite increased soil pH, carbon organic, base saturation, exchangeable-calcium, -magnesium, -sodium, zinc, and reduce exchangeable aluminium in Ultisol. The compost-enriched with FABA and lignite also increased the leaves' calcium, sulphur, and zinc contents. On the other hand, the compost-enriched with FABA increases the D-leaf index of pineapple plants. Ameliorant application in a row was more effective than spread. Using compost-enriched with FABA as an ameliorant is expected to improve the quality of degraded Ultisol, plant productivity, and reduce the dose of compost used in pineapple plantations.