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dc.contributor.advisorKusumo, Yudiwanti Wahyu Endro
dc.contributor.advisorNur, Amin
dc.contributor.authorFirmansah, Habibi
dc.date.accessioned2023-09-11T23:58:10Z
dc.date.available2023-09-11T23:58:10Z
dc.date.issued2023-08-24
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/124613
dc.description.abstractGandum merupakan komoditas potensial yang dapat dikembangkan di Indonesia. Wilayah adaptasi yang berbeda membuat pemulia terus melakukan kegiatan pemuliaan untuk mendapatkan varietas sesuai tujuan pemuliaan yang sesuai dengan lingkungan target adaptasi. Tanaman gandum merupakan tanaman subtropik yang membutuhkan kondisi lingkungan tertentu selama fase pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya, sehingga tanaman gandum yang dikembangkan di lingkungan tropika Indonesia mudah mengalami cekaman lingkungan. Cekaman lingkungan tersebut berdampak pada fenologi dan penurunan produktifitas. Kondisi cekaman yang terjadi dapat berupa cekaman abiotik maupun biotik. Cekaman abiotik yang terjadi dapat diakibatkan antara lain oleh kurangnya air, suhu tinggi, atau kandungan hara yang rendah sehingga mempengaruhi proses pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman gandum. Cekaman biotik yang terjadi dapat berasal dari hama dan patogen yang dapat menjadikan tanaman mengalami gangguan seperti tanaman rebah dan floret hampa. Berdasarkan kondisi di atas, dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mempelajari cekaman abiotik dan biotik yang dapat menjadi faktor pembatas dalam peningkatan produksi galur hasil convergent breeding di dua lokasi. Lokasi yang menjadi tempat penelitian adalah di Cipanas (± 1120 m dpl) dan Tajur (± 250 m dpl). Penelitian cekaman abiotik melibatkan percobaan di lingkungan dataran tinggi dan dataran rendah, sedangkan percobaan untuk penelitian cekaman biotik dilakukan hanya di dataran tinggi. Cekaman abiotik dan biotik yang dipelajari merupakan cekaman langsung (direct) yang terjadi di lapangan. Cekaman abiotik yang terjadi adalah akibat perbedaan lingkungan di kedua lokasi, yaitu lokasi Tajur dengan suhu udara yang lebih tinggi dibanding lokasi Cipanas. Cekaman biotik dipelajari di lokasi Cipanas yang kondisi iklimnya optimum bagi pertumbuhan organisme pengganggu tanaman. Cekaman abiotik di Tajur merupakan cekaman penting yang diperhatikan pada tujuan penelitian ini. Elevasi yang rendah di Tajur diduga menyebabkan cekaman berupa kondisi heat stress karena suhu tinggi dan kelembaban yang rendah, akibatnya adalah tanaman mengeluarkan antioksidan yang menyebabkan pematangan sel lebih cepat dan metabolisme akan terganggu serta berakhir pada bobot hasil yang menurun. Dari penelitian di Cipanas dan Tajur dengan pengujian sensitivitas (SSI), didapatkan 10 galur agak toleran (moderat) dengan daya hasil baik yaitu CBF-6.CAMN110, CBF-6.CAMN22(246), CBF-6.CAMN233, CBF-6.CAMN27(231), CBF-7.CAMN115, CBF-7.CAMN142, CBF-7.CAMN154, CBF-7.CAMN159, CBF-7.CAMN256, CBF-7.CAMN95. Cekaman biotik pada tanaman gandum belum banyak diteliti, karena dari pengembangan gandum adaptif dataran rendah belum diperoleh varietas berdaya hasil tinggi. Pada lokasi Cipanas, dilakukan identifikasi organisme pengganggu tanaman yang memiliki pengaruh penting dalam pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Hasil pengamatan organisme pengganggu tanaman di lapangan dan identifikasi menggunakan iNaturalist menunjukkan terdapat serangga penyebab malai hampa dan biji tak sempurna (Leptocorisa sp., Coptosoma sp., Riptortus sp., Nezara viridula), larva penyebab tanaman rebah (Helicoverpa armigera), hama penyebab tanaman rebah (Achatina fulica) dan jamur penyebab tanaman rebah (Magnoporthe sp.) serta patogen benyebab bercak kuning (Culvularia sp.). Dari hama dan penyakit yang terdeteksi di lapangan, hama yang banyak ditemukan adalah yang menyebabkan floret hampa, sedangkan penyakit yang berjangkit secara merata adalah penyakit bercak daun kuning. Hasil seleksi berdasarkan bobot per malai dengan resistensi bercak daun moderat dan resisten diperoleh 5 galur yaitu CBF-6.CAMN4(174), CBF-6.CAMN256, CBF-7.CAMN53, CBF-7.CAMN95 dan CBF-6.CAMN20(158). Dari hasil penelitian ini, galur-galur yang teridentifikasi dengan performa yang baik dapat dipertimbangkan untuk digunakan dalam pengusahaan gandum, sehingga memungkinkan untuk memenuhi permintaan gandum dalam negeri dan mengurangi kebutuhan impor dari luar negeri. Pengujian lebih lanjut terhadap galur-galur tersebut diperlukan untuk menentukan stabilitas di berbagai lokasi untuk meningkatkan akurasi dalam berbagai proses pengembangan.id
dc.description.abstractWheat is a potential commodity that can be developed in Indonesia. Different adaptation areas make breeders continue to carry out breeding activities to obtain varieties according to breeding objectives that are in accordance with the adaptation target environment. The wheat plant is a subtropical plant that requires certain environmental conditions during its growth and development phase, so that wheat plants developed in the Indonesian tropical environment are easily subjected to environmental stress. These environmental stresses have an impact on phenology and decreased productivity. Stress conditions that occur can be either abiotic or biotic stress. Abiotic stress that occurs can be caused by, among others, lack of water, high temperature, or low nutrient content, which affects the process of growth and development of wheat plants. The biotic stress that occurs can come from pests and pathogens that can cause disturbances to plants, such as drooping plants and empty florets. Based on the above conditions, a study was conducted with the aim of studying biotic and abiotic stresses which could be a limiting factor in increasing the production of lines resulting from convergent breeding in two locations. The research locations are in Cipanas (± 1120 m asl) and Tajur (± 250 m asl). Abiotic stress research involves experiments in highland and lowland environments, while experiments for biotic stress research are carried out only in highlands. The abiotic and biotic stresses studied are direct stresses that occur in the field. The abiotic stress that occurs is due to differences in the environment at the two locations, namely the Tajur location with higher air temperatures than the Cipanas location. Biotic stress was studied at the Cipanas location where the climatic conditions were optimum for the growth of plant pests. Abiotic stress is an important stress for wheat breeding in Indonesia. The low elevation in Tajur is thought to cause heat stress conditions due to high temperatures and low humidity. The result is that plants release antioxidants which cause cell maturation to occur more quickly, and metabolism will be disrupted and end in decreased yield weights. From research in Cipanas and Tajur with sensitivity testing (SSI), 10 moderately tolerant (moderate) lines with good yields were obtained, namely CBF-6.CAMN110, CBF-6.CAMN22(246), CBF-6.CAMN233, CBF-6 .CAMN27(231), CBF-7.CAMN115, CBF-7.CAMN142, CBF-7.CAMN154, CBF-7.CAMN159, CBF-7.CAMN256, and CBF-7.CAMN95. Biotic stress on wheat has not been studied much, because lowland adaptive wheat development has not yet obtained high-yielding varieties. At the Cipanas location, identification of plant-disturbing organisms that have an important effect on plant growth and development was carried out. The results of observations of plant-disturbing organisms in the field and identification using iNaturalist showed that there were insects that caused empty panicles and imperfect seeds (Leptocorisa sp., Coptosoma sp., Riptortus sp., Nezara viridula), larvae that caused drooping plants (Helicoverpa armigera), pests that caused drooping plants (Achatina fulica) and the fungus that causes drooping plants (Magnoporthe sp.) and the pathogen causing yellow spot (Culvularia sp.). Of the pests and diseases detected in the field, the most common pest that causes empty florets, while the disease that spreads evenly is yellow leaf spot disease. Selection results based on weight per panicle with moderate resistant and resistant to leaf spot obtained 5 lines, namely CBF-6.CAMN4(174), CBF-6.CAMN256, CBF-7.CAMN53, CBF-7.CAMN95 and CBF-6.CAMN20( 158). From the results of this study, the identified lines with good performance can be considered for use in wheat cultivation, making it possible to meet domestic demand for wheat and reduce the need for imports from abroad. Further evaluation of these lines is required to determine stability at various locations to improve accuracy in various development processes.id
dc.language.isoidid
dc.publisherIPB Universityid
dc.titleKeragaan dan Adaptabilitas Galur-galur Gandum (Triticum aestivum) Hasil Convergent Breeding di Lingkungan Bercekaman.id
dc.title.alternativePerformance and Adaptability of Convergent Breeding Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Lines in Stress Environmentsid
dc.typeThesisid
dc.subject.keywordabiotic stressid
dc.subject.keywordbiotic stressid
dc.subject.keywordwheat potentialid
dc.subject.keywordbreeding strategyid


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