Strategi Keberlanjutan Reforma Agraria di Desa Mekarsari, Kecamatan Panimbang, Pandeglang

Abstract

Timpangnya penguasaan terhadap tanah berbanding lurus dengan kemiskinan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh ketidakadilan dalam memperoleh akses untuk menguasai dan memanfaatkan sumber daya agraria, terutama bagi masyarakat miskin. Program Reforma Agraria merupakan jawaban atas peliknya masalah ketimpangan atas penguasaan tanah. Salah satu pelaksanaan Reforma Agraria dilaksanakan di Desa Mekarsari, Kecamatan Panimbang, Kabupaten Pandeglang pada tahun 2018 melalui mekanisme konsolidasi tanah sekaligus pencanangan Kampung Reforma Agraria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) menganalisis implementasi penataan aset di Desa Mekarsari; 2) mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keberlanjutan Reforma Agraria di Desa Mekarsari; 3) merumuskan strategi dan program keberlanjutan Reforma Agraria di Desa Mekarsari. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah matriks IFE, EFE, IE, dan SWOT serta arsitektur strategi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada beberapa kendala yang dihadapi di antaranya: 1) belum adanya kelompok tani; 2) peran BUMDes belum berjalan optimal; 3) subjek penerima tanah terindikasi tidak tepat sasaran; 4) objek tanah Reforma Agraria berupa tanah usaha bersama dikuasai oleh Pemerintah Desa Mekarsari; 5) akses reform belum memanfaatkan sumber daya objek Reforma Agraria. Strategi keberlanjutan Reforma Agraria di Desa Mekarsari yang tepat untuk diterapkan adalah “grow and build” dengan turunan strategi intensif dan integratif. Ada sebelas strategi yang dihasilkan dari matriks SWOT. Strategi tersebut dijalankan dengan program dan kegiatan yang dituangkan ke dalam arsitektur strategi. Terdapat kegiatan yang dilakukan secara terus-menerus, dan terdapat kegiatan yang dilakukan tahap demi tahap secara “sequence” agar tercapai tujuan akhir yaitu mengurangi ketimpangan penguasaan tanah, meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan menjamin akses masyarakat terhadap sumber daya agraria yang dijadikan sebagai sumber penghidupan.

Inequality of land tenure is directly proportional to poverty. This is caused by injustice in gaining access to control and utilize agrarian resources, especially for the poor. The Agrarian Reform Program is the answer to the complicated problem of inequality in land tenure. One of the implementations of Agrarian Reform was carried out in Mekarsari Village, Panimbang District, Pandeglang Regency in 2018 through a land consolidation mechanism as well as the declaration of Agrarian Reform Village. This study aims to: 1) analyze the implementation of asset management in Mekarsari Village; 2) identify factors that influence the sustainability of Agrarian Reform in Mekarsari Village; 3) formulating strategies and programs for the sustainability of Agrarian Reform in Mekarsari Village. The analytical tools used are IFE, EFE, IE, and SWOT matrices as well as strategy architecture. The results showed that there were several obstacles faced, including: 1) the absence of farmer groups; 2) the role of BUMDes has not run optimally; 3) the subject of the land recipient is indicated to be not on target; 4) the object of Agrarian Reform land in the form of joint venture land is controlled by the Mekarsari Village Government; 5) access to reform has not utilized the resources of the object of Agrarian Reform. The strategy for sustainability of Agrarian Reform in Mekarsari Village that is appropriate to be implemented is "grow and build" with derivatives of intensive and integrative strategies. There are eleven strategies generated from the SWOT matrix. The strategy is carried out with programs and activities that are poured into the strategy architecture. There are activities that are carried out continuously, and there are activities that are carried out step by step in a "sequence" in order to achieve the ultimate goal of reducing inequality in land tenure, increasing community welfare and ensuring community access to agrarian resources that are used as a source of livelihood.