| dc.description.abstract | The Deli Watershed (DAS) is designated as a watershed whose carrying
capacity needs to be restored based on the Decree of the Minister of Forestry of the
Republic of Indonesia Number: SK. 328/Menhut-II/2009 concerning
Determination of Priority Watersheds in the Framework of Medium-Term
Development 2010-2014. This status is supported by watershed conditions prone to
environmental damage, such as erosion, landslides, floods, droughts, and critical
land and sedimentation. One of the reasons the status of the Deli Watershed has not
changed since it was first established is the lack of green vegetation (forest) in the
Deli Watershed, which is only 2,610.96 ha (6.68%) of the total watershed area.
Meanwhile, the forest area ideally is 30% of the entire watershed area as regulated
in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry.
The environmental degradation in the Deli Watershed is determined by the
condition of its upstream, which functions as a conservation area. Good
environmental conditions do not support the function of the upstream Deli
Watershed as a water regulator, so this area is experiencing various problems,
including soil erosion/slides, critical land, and decreased soil nutrient content.
These environmental problems result in economic losses for the community as
resource users and the government as policymakers.
Based on this explanation, this study aimed to 1) identify the factors causing
the damage to the upstream Deli Watershed; 2) estimate the value of the economic
loss from the damage to the upstream Deli Watershed; and 3) analyze the
institutional management of the upstream Deli Watershed. The methods used in this
research were Root Cause Analysis (RCA), Geographic Information System (GIS),
Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), replacement cost, content analysis, and actor
analysis using primary and secondary data.
The results of the root cause analysis stated that limited ownership of the land
area, business capital, and skills of farmers was the core problems of environmental
damage in the upstream Deli Watershed. The solution is by developing additional
income/livelihood of the community through guidance and counseling by relevant
government and local government agencies.
The calculation of economic losses due to damage to soil fertility in the
upstream Deli Watershed was IDR 2,179,828,456/ha/year. This nominal represents
the replacement cost of soil macronutrients (N, P, K) lost due to 267.93 tons/ha/year
erosion on Ultisol soil types. This calculation used the nutrient content of chicken
manure as a substitute for the lost soil nutrient content.
The institutional analysis of the upstream Deli Watershed management
consists of a content analysis of statutory regulations and an actor analysis
involving five groups of formal actors (central government, provincial government,
district government, non-structural institutions, and resource users). The existing
regulations have been implemented according to their substance by the managing
actors. However, environmental degradation still occurs due to the ineffective
performance of actors in managing the upstream Deli Watershed. Institutions with a working area covering the upstream Deli Watershed have not been actively
involved in preparing the Deli Watershed management plan. Furthermore, the
institution as a coordination forum has not been able to oversee all stakeholders
managing the Deli Watershed. Therefore, the role, capacity, and coordination of
managing actors, both cross-administrative and cross-sectoral, need to be improved
to achieve the expected management objectives following the laws and regulations. | id |
