Formulasi Pakan Sapi Perah Transisi Berbasis Keseimbangan Kation-Anion dan NDF menggunakan Bahan Pakan Lokal
Abstract
Manipulasi pakan melalui perbedaan keseimbangan kation anion pada ternak ruminansia perlu dilakukan untuk memperbaiki kondisi fisiologis ternak yang akan melahirkan demi mencegah kekurangan mineral seperti milk fever. Kecernaan NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan kualitas pakan ruminansia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuat ransum sapi perah transisi dengan menggunakan program solver berbasis bahan baku pakan lokal dengan constraint berupa DCAD dan NDF. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu inventarisasi bahan baku pakan lokal yang memiliki komposisi mineral sesuai rumus DCAD dan NDF, menghitung DCAD untuk semua bahan baku pakan, menyusun formula ransum sapi perah periode transisi menggunakan program solver. Data sekunder diperoleh dari berbagai literatur. Ransum yang diformulasikan yaitu ransum dengan menggunakan contraint DCAD dan tanpa menggunakan constraint DCAD. Hasil penelitian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian, ransum 1 diperoleh nilai DCAD dan NDF yaitu 7.63mEqKg-1 dan 33%, sedangkan pada ransum 2 nilai DCAD dan NDF yang dihasilkan yaitu 24mEqKg-1 dan 33%. Ransum 1 menghasilkan penggunaan hijauan sebanyak 60%, sedangkan ransum 2 menghasilkan penggunaan hijauan sebanyak 50%. Hasil formulasi menunjukkan bahwa ransum dengan penambahan constraint DCAD menghasilkan harga yang lebih mahal dan penggunaan rasio hijauan yang lebih besar. Simpulan penelitian yaitu penambahan constraint DCAD dan NDF dalam formulasi ransum dengan menggunakan bahan baku lokal dapat diterapkan karena mampu menghasilkan ransum dengan keseimbangan nutrien yang lebih teliti, namun kekurangannya terjadi peningkatan biaya pakan dan penggunaan hijauan di dalam ransum. Kata kunci : DCAD, formulasi ransum, NDF, program solver, sapi perah Feed manipulation through differences in anion cation balance in ruminants needs to be done to improve the physiological condition of cattle that will give birth in order to prevent mineral deficiencies such as milk fever. Digestibility of NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) is one of the factors that determine the quality of ruminant feed. The purpose of this study was to make transitional dairy cattle rations using a solver program based on local feed raw materials with limitations in the form of DCAD and NDF. The research method used is an inventory of local feed raw materials that have a mineral composition according to the DCAD and NDF formulas, calculating DCAD for all feed raw materials, compiling the transition period dairy cow ration formula using the solver program. Secondary data were obtained from various literatures. The formulated ration is a ration using DCAD constraint and without DCAD constraint. The research results were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that in ration 1 the DCAD and NDF values were 7.63mEqKg-1 and 33%, while in ration 2 the DCAD and NDF values were 24mEqKg-1 and 33%. Ration 1 resulted in 60% forage use, while Ration 2 resulted in 50% forage use. The results of the formulation show that the ration with the addition of the DCAD constraint results in a higher price and the use of a higher forage ratio. The conclusion of the study is that the addition of DCAD and NDF constraints in the formulation of rations using local raw materials can be applied because they are able to produce rations with a more precise balance of nutrients, but the drawback is that there is an increase in costs and the use of forage in the ration. Keywords: dairy cattle, DCAD, feed formulation, NDF, solver program