Strategi Pengembangan Ekowisata Mangrove berbasis Rehabilitasi di Tanjung Burung, Tangerang

Abstract

Ekosistem mangrove di pesisir Tanjung Burung, Tangerang mengalami kerusakan akibat konversi lahan mangrove menjadi area tambak, pemukiman dan industri sehingga menyebabkan ancaman untuk keberlanjutan ekosistem mangrove di Tanjung Burung. Melihat kondisi tersebut, pihak pemerintah beserta stakeholder telah melakukan berbagai upaya rehabilitasi untuk memulihkan ekosistem mangrove. Rehabilitasi mangrove sudah mulai terbentuk namun dalam pemanfaatannya masih terbatas sehingga diperlukan suatu konsep strategis untuk memanfaatkan dan melestarikan ekosistem mangrove. Luas lokasi penelitian sekitar 28 ha sebahagian berasal dari tanah timbul (akresi) yang terbentuk dari timbunan sampah plastik. Tujuan penelitian yaitu menyusun strategi pengembangan ekowisata mangrove melalui persyaratan rehabilitasi di Desa Tanjung Burung, Kecamatan Teluk Naga Kabupaten Tangerang, dengan tujuan khusus sebagai berikut (1) menganalisis kondisi kerusakan ekosistem mangrove (2) Merancang upaya rehabilitasi mangrove. Metode yang digunakan dalam sampling mangrove adalah transek kuadrat dengan peletakan transek selang seling tegak lurus dengan garis pantai. Data wisatawan dan kelembagaan diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan pengambilan contoh responden menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Metode analisis yaitu Daya Dukung Kawasan (DDK), Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata (IKW), Willingness to Pay (WTP), Travel Cost Method (TCM), Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM). Mangrove yang teridentifikasi di Tanjung Burung sebanyak 11 jenis mangrove yang menjadi habitat biota asosiasi berbagai organisme lain. Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata (IKW) dari tujuh stasiun penelitian termasuk dalam ketegori tidak sesuai (S3) seluas 28 ha. Apabila upaya rehabilitasi dapat dilakukan secara optimal, maka Indeks Kesesuaian Wisata (IKW) dapat berubah menjadi kategori sesuai dengan nilai Daya Dukung Kawasan (DDK) 229 orang/hari. Nilai rata-rata WTP RP 21.425,00 dengan jumlah pengunjung 200 orang/tahun sehingga nilai manfaat keberadaan ekowisata mangrove Rp 4.285.000,00 per tahun. Strategi pengembangan ekowisata mangrove di Tanjung Burung berdasarkan metode Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) dapat dicapai dengan memperhatikan elemen tujuan, kendala, program yang dibutuhkan dan lembaga yang berperan. Tujuan utama yaitu menjaga kelestarian ekosistem mangrove, dengan mempertimbangkan kendala yang paling berpengaruh yaitu rendahnya partisipasi lembaga setempat dalam sosialisasi dan pelatihan mangrove serta tingkat pertumbuhan dan kelulushidupan mangrove. Tercapainya tujuan dibutuhkan program strategis yaitu peningkatan rehabilitasi ekosistem mangrove dengan melibatkan lembaga terkait.

The mangrove ecosystem on the coast of Tanjung Burung, Tangerang, is damaged due to the conversion of mangrove land into ponds residential and industrial areas, causing a threat to the mangrove ecosystem in Tanjung Burung. Due to these conditions, the government and stakeholders have made various rehabilitation efforts for the mangrove ecosystem. Mangrove rehabilitation has begun to take shape, but its utilization is limited; a strategic concept is needed to utilize the mangrove ecosystem. The study area is about 28 ha, part of which comes from accretionary soil formed from heaps of plastic waste. The objective of this research is to develop a strategy for developing mangrove ecotourism through rehabilitation requirements in Tanjung Burung Village, Teluk Naga District, Tangerang Regency, with the following specific objectives (1) analyzing the damaged condition of the mangrove ecosystem, and (2) designing mangrove rehabilitation efforts. The method used in sampling mangroves is a quadratic transect with alternating transects laying perpendicular to the shoreline. Tourist and institutional data were obtained through interviews with respondents taking samples using the purposive sampling method. The analytical methods that were used in this study are Regional Carrying Capacity (DDK), Tourism Suitability Index (IKW), Willingness to Pay (WTP), Travel Cost Method (TCM), Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). There are 11 mangrove species in Tanjung Burung, which are habitats for biota associated with various other organisms. The Tourism Suitability Index (IKW) of the seven research stations is included in the unsuitable category (S3), covering an area of 28 ha. Suppose the rehabilitation efforts can be carried out optimally. In that case, the Tourism Suitability Index (IKW) can be changed to a category according to the Regional Carrying Capacity (DDK) value of 229 people/day. The average value of WTP is Rp. 21,425.00 with the number of visitors 200 people/year, so the benefits of mangrove ecotourism are Rp. 4,285,000.00 per year. The strategy of developing mangrove ecotourism in Tanjung Burung based on the Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) method can be achieved by taking into account the elements of objectives, constraints, required programs, and institutions that play a role. The main objective is to maintain the preservation of the mangrove ecosystem, taking into account the most significant obstacle, namely the low participation of institutions in mangrove sosialization and training as well as the growth and survival rate of mangroves. In order to achieve this objective, the program strategy namely increasing the rehabilitation of mangrove ecosystems by involving related institutions can be used.