| dc.description.abstract | Sejak 25 tahun terakhir telah terjadi peningkatan luasan perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia hingga 3 kali lipat. Hal tersebut menyebabkan semakin meningkatkan tudingan dan isu bahwa perkebunan kelapa sawit dapat menyebabkan berbagai kerugian dalam hal lingkungan. Padahal pembangunan lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit tidak selalu dilakukan di atas lahan hutan primer, melainkan umumnya lahan perkebunan dibangun di luar kawasan hutan, sehingga tidak hanya menimbulkan kehilangan jenis satwanamun diduga kuat juga menimbulkan peningkatan jumlah jenis satwa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menduga dampak perubahan tutupan lahan dari semak belukar menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit terhadap jumlah jenis dan indeks keanekaragaman jenis burung dan kupu-kupu, menduga besaran kehilangan atau perolehan jenis burung dan kupu-kupu akibat perkebunan kelapa sawit, dan menganalisis kemungkinan adanya kohabitasi dan tumpang-tindih relung antara burung dan kupu-kupu di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan di dua PSB (Perkebunan Sawit Besar) yaitu PT Tempirai Palm Resources (PT TPR) dan PT Rambang Agro Jaya (PT RAJ). Pengamatan dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali pengulangan pada masing-masing jalur pengamatan (area baseline) semak belukar dan area yang ditanami kelapa sawit). Pengamatan burung dilakukan pada pagi (06.00-08.00) dan sore (16.00-18.00) menggunakan metode titik hitung. Sementara pengamatan kupu-kupu dilakukan pada pagi (09.00-12.00) menggunakan metode Pollard Transect. Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan jumlah jenis, indeks keanekaragaman jenis serta komposisi jenis guna mengidentifikasi dampak dari perkebunan kelapa sawit. Selanjutnya analisis kohabitasi dilakukan dengan menghitung tingkat derajat asosiasi serta tumpang tindih relung yang terjadi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan tutupan lahan dari semak belukar menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit menyebabkan adanya perubahan pada jumlah jenis dan keanekaragaman jenis burung dan kupu-kupu baik di areal perkebunan PT RAJ maupun PT TPR. Jumlah jenis burung dan indeks keanekaragaman jenis burung cenderung lebih tinggi di areal perkebunan sawit (PT RAJ = 28 jenis, PT TPR = 20 jenis) dibanding di area baseline (PT RAJ = 27 jenis; H’ = 2,78; Dmg = 5,86; dan PT TPR = 22 jenis;
H’=2,51; Dmg=4,86), begitu juga dengan jumlah jenis dan indeks keanekaragaman jenis kupu-kupu antara areal perkebunan (PT RAJ = 5 jenis; H’ = 1,56; Dmg = 2,23; dan PT TPR = 5 jenis; H’ = 1,56; Dmg = 2,23) dibanding area baseline (PT RAJ dan PT TPR = 0 jenis). Perubahan tutupan lahan dari semak belukar (baseline) menjadi perkebunan sawit berdampak positif pada jenis burung sebesar 51,85-59,09% dibandingkan dengan kehilangan jenis hanya sebesar 36,36-51,85%, sedangkan untuk jenis kupu-kupu terdapat
perolehan jenis sebesar 400-500%, sedangkan tidak ada (0%) kehilangan jenis.
Ditemukan adanya kohabituasi antara burung dan kupu-kupu berdasarkan kesamaan penggunaan ruang dan pemanfaatan pakan. Tingkat tumpang tindih relung ekologi antara burung dan kupu-kupu berkisar 1,85-18,52%. | id |
| dc.description.abstract | In the last 25 years, there has been a 3-fold increase in the area of oil palm plantations in Indonesia. This has led to increasing accusations and issues that oil palm plantations can cause various environmental losses. Whereas oil palm plantation development is not always carried out on primary forest land, but generally plantation land is established on abandoned land outside forest area, so that not only causes loss of species but is strongly suspected of increasing species of wildlife. The purpose of this study was to estimate the impact of land cover changes on the number of species and diversity index of birds and butterflies, to estimate the amount of biodiversity loss due to changes in land cover, and to identify the possibility of cohabitation and overlapping niches between birds and butterflies. butterflies in oil palm plantations. The research was conducted in two PSBs (Perkebunan Sawit Besar), namely PT Tempirai Palm Resources (PT TPR) and PT Rambang Agro Jaya (PT RAJ). Observations were carried out 3 times in each line of observation (baseline area in the form of shrubs and areas planted with oil palm). Bird observations are carried out in the morning (06.00-08.00) and evening (16.00-18.00), using the counting point method. Meanwhile, butterfly observations were carried out in the morning (09.00-12.00), using the Pollard Transect method. The analysis is then carried out by comparing the number of species, the diversity index, and species composition in order to identify the impacts of oil palm plantations. Furthermore, cohabitation analysis is carried out by calculating the degree of association and overlapping niches that occur. The results showed that changes in the cover of scrub swampland to oil palm plantations led to changes in the number of species and also the diversity of birds and butterflies in PT RAJ and also PT TPR. The number of bird species and the index of bird species diversity tend to be higher in oil palm plantation areas (PT RAJ = 28 species, PT TPR = 20 species) than in the baseline area (PT RAJ = 27 species, H '= 2,78, Dmg = 5,86, and PT TPR = 22 species, H '= 2,51, Dmg = 4,86), as well as the number of species and the index of butterfly species diversity between plantation areas (PT RAJ = 5 species, H' = 1,56, Dmg = 2,23; PT TPR = 5 species, H '= 1,56, Dmg = 2,23) compared to the baseline area (PT RAJ and PT TPR = 0 species). Changes in land cover from scrub swampland (baseline) to oil palm plantations have a positive impact on bird species by 51,85-59,09% compared to loss of only 36,36-51,85%, while for butterfly species there is a biodiversity gain of species among 400-500%, and there is no loss of species (0%). It was found that there was a cohabituation between birds and butterflies based on the similarity of space use and feed utilization. The level of overlap in ecological niches between birds and butterflies is among 1,85-18,52% and is quite large. | id |
