Estimasi Nilai Kerugian Ekonomi Masyarakat Akibat Intrusi Air Laut (Studi Kasus: Desa Surya Bahari, Kabupaten Tangerang)

Abstract

Intrusi air laut merupakan proses masuknya air laut ke dalam aliran air tanah daratan. Desa Surya Bahari merupakan salah satu desa di Kecamatan Pakuhaji, Kabupaten Tangerang yang terkena dampak intrusi air laut. Intrusi air laut telah menyebabkan kelangkaan air bersih di pemukiman masyarakat dan menurunnya produktivitas pertanian. Tujuan penelitian bertujuan untuk: 1) Mengidentifikasi karakteristik masyarakat dan usaha tani di Desa Surya Bahari 2) Mengestimasi besarnya nilai kerugian ekonomi masyarakat dan usaha tani yang diakibatkan oleh intrusi air laut 3) Mengestimasi kesediaan membayar masyarakat untuk memperbaiki sistem penyediaan air bersih di Desa Surya Bahari, dan 4) Mengkaji alternatif kebijakan yang tepat untuk mengurangi dampak intrusi air laut di Desa Surya Bahari. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei dan dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif, replacement cost, change in productivity, dichotomus choice contingent valuation method (CVM) dan Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, 45% responden masyarakat Desa Surya Bahari adalah nelayan dengan rata-rata pendapatan Rp. 2.869.600 per bulan. Latar belakang pendidikan responden masyarakat Desa Surya Bahari didominasi dengan lulusan Sekolah Dasar. Mayoritas petani di Desa Surya Bahari merupakan petani penggarap non pemilik dengan rata-rata luas lahan sebesar 2,06 ha dan produktivitas lahan dibawah 4,7 ton/ha. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total nilai kerugian ekonomi masyarakat Desa Surya Bahari akibat penurunan produktivitas pertanian dan pengeluaran biaya penggantian sumber air bersih adalah sebesar Rp. 5.096.863.340 / tahun. Estimasi nilai kesediaan membayar masyarakat sebesar Rp. 2.116,46/m3 menggunakan Metode Logit, dan Rp. 2.383/m3 menggunakan Metode Turnbull. Alternatif kebijakan yang disarankan untuk menjaga kelestarian air tanah adalah konservasi daerah resapan air dan pengawasan terhadap penggunaan air tanah.

Sea water intrusion is the movement of saline water into the fresh water aquifer. Surya Bahari Village is one of the villages in Pakuhaji Sub-district, Tangerang Districts that was affected by seawater intrusion. Seawater intrusion has caused clean water scarcity in community settlements and affected the quality and productivity of agriculture in Surya Bahari Village. The aims of this study are to: 1) identify the characteristics of community and farmers in Surya Bahari Village 2) estimate the value of community and farmers economic losses due to seawater intrusion 3) estimate community’s willingness to pay to improve the water supply system in Surya Bahari Village 4) examine appropriate policy alternatives to reduce the impact of seawater intrusion in Surya Bahari Village. Survey method was used as research method and the results were analyzed with descriptive analysis, replacement cost, change in productivity, dichotomus choice contingent valuation method (CVM) and Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on research results, 45% of community in Surya Bahari Village is a fisherman with average income IDR 2,869,600 per month. Community education background was dominated by elementary school graduate. Majority of farmers in Surya Bahari Village are non-owner cultivators with average land area of 2.06 ha and land productivity below 4.7 tons/ha. The results of this study indicated that total value of community economic losses due to decreased agricultural productivity and expenditures on buying clean water was IDR 5,096,863,340 a year. The estimated value of community’s willingness to pay was IDR 2,116.46/m3 using logit method, and IDR 2,383/m3 using the turnbull method. The suggested appropriate policy alternatives to maintain groundwater sustainability are water catchment areas conservation program and supervision of groundwater use.